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Volume 12
Issue 1
10.18683/germs.2022.1305
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Article

Self-Medication in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study in Northern Peru

by
Luis E. Vasquez-Elera
1,
Virgilio E. Failoc-Rojas
2,*,
Raisa N. Martinez-Rivera
3,
Noelia Morocho-Alburqueque
3,
Mario S. Temoche-Rivas
3 and
Mario J. Valladares-Garrido
4
1
Gastroenterology Service, Cayetano Heredia Hospital, 150 Independencia Avenue, Piura 200104, Peru
2
Research Unit for Generation and Synthesis Evidence in Health, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, 505 La Fontana Avenue, Lima 15012, Peru
3
Scientific Society of Medical Students, National University of Piura, Marcelino Castro Gamboa Avenue, Piura 15806, Peru
4
Universidad Norbert Wiener, 440 Arequipa Avenue, Lima 15046, Peru
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
GERMS 2022, 12(1), 46-53; https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2022.1305
Submission received: 4 October 2021 / Revised: 10 January 2022 / Accepted: 18 January 2022 / Published: 31 March 2022
Versions Notes

Abstract

Introduction: This study aimed to identify factors associated with self-medication in patients with COVID-19. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using medical records of patients with COVID-19 who self-medicated before admission to a hospital in Piura, Peru. Prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using generalized linear models with Poisson distribution family, log link function, and robust variance. Results: Out of 301 patients, 165 (54.8%) self-medicated before hospital admission, being more frequent self-medication with ivermectin (85.5%) and azithromycin (71.5%). The frequency of self-medication in those aged between 30–59 years was 2.53-fold higher than in those between 18–29 years. Male patients, dyslipidemia, smoking, and hepatic steatosis were associated with self-medication. Clinical characteristics associated with self-medication were fever, cough, headache, anosmia, dysgeusia, nausea/vomiting, and gastroesophageal reflux. Conclusions: A high frequency of self-medication before hospital admission was observed in Peruvian patients with COVID-19, mainly of drugs without proven efficacy.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; epidemiology; risk factors; public health, environmental and occupational health; Peru SARS-CoV-2; epidemiology; risk factors; public health, environmental and occupational health; Peru

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MDPI and ACS Style

Vasquez-Elera, L.E.; Failoc-Rojas, V.E.; Martinez-Rivera, R.N.; Morocho-Alburqueque, N.; Temoche-Rivas, M.S.; Valladares-Garrido, M.J. Self-Medication in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study in Northern Peru. GERMS 2022, 12, 46-53. https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2022.1305

AMA Style

Vasquez-Elera LE, Failoc-Rojas VE, Martinez-Rivera RN, Morocho-Alburqueque N, Temoche-Rivas MS, Valladares-Garrido MJ. Self-Medication in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study in Northern Peru. GERMS. 2022; 12(1):46-53. https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2022.1305

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vasquez-Elera, Luis E., Virgilio E. Failoc-Rojas, Raisa N. Martinez-Rivera, Noelia Morocho-Alburqueque, Mario S. Temoche-Rivas, and Mario J. Valladares-Garrido. 2022. "Self-Medication in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study in Northern Peru" GERMS 12, no. 1: 46-53. https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2022.1305

APA Style

Vasquez-Elera, L. E., Failoc-Rojas, V. E., Martinez-Rivera, R. N., Morocho-Alburqueque, N., Temoche-Rivas, M. S., & Valladares-Garrido, M. J. (2022). Self-Medication in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study in Northern Peru. GERMS, 12(1), 46-53. https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2022.1305

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