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Article

Preinvasive Cervical Lesions and High Prevalence of Human Papilloma Virus Among Pregnant Women in Cameroon

by
Gilbert Doh
1,2,*,
Edwin Mkong
3,
George Mondinde Ikomey
1,
Adetayo Emmanuel Obasa
3,
Martha Mesembe
1,
Charles Fokunang
4 and
Graeme Brendon Jacobs
3
1
Center for the Study and Control of Communicable Diseases (CSCCD), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box, Yaoundé 8445, Cameroon
2
Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, P.O. Box 241, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
3
Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P.O. Box 241, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
4
Department of Pharmacotoxicology and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé P.O. Box 8445, Cameroon
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
GERMS 2021, 11(1), 78-87; https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2021.1243
Submission received: 19 August 2020 / Revised: 26 January 2021 / Accepted: 15 February 2021 / Published: 15 March 2021

Abstract

Introduction: With the exception of breast cancer, gynecologic neoplasms constitute the most common cancers that complicate pregnancy. Pregnancy therefore presents a window of opportunity for all pregnant women who do not take part in routine free cervical cancer screening program to undergo a free voluntary cytological test and human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing. This study aimed to determine prevalent HPV genotypes among pregnant women using exfoliated cells from cervical swabs and determine risk factors responsible for the upsurge of cervical precancerous lesions. Methods: In a cross-sectional study conducted from October 2017 to March 2018, a total of 482 pregnant women were enrolled. Cervical swabs and samples for cytology were collected from each enrolled participant during their routine prenatal consultation. The Papanicolaou’s (Pap) staining technique was performed and all cervical swab samples were amplified through conventional PCR. HPV genotypes were identified using the Roche Linear Array Genotyping Assay. SAS 9.2 software (SAS Institute Inc., USA) was used for statistical analysis and p values >0.05 were considered significant. Results: Among the 482 participants, 354 (73.4%) had normal cytology and 128 (26.6%) had abnormal cytology. HPV DNA was identified in 62/464 (13.4%). The most prominent HPV types identified were HPV 16 (24%), HPV 18 (36.4%), HPV 45 (28%), HPV 53 (18.9%) and HPV 67 (24.3%). Early intercourse, number of sexual partners and age at first pregnancy were some of the risk factors that influenced the etiology of preinvasive cervical lesion. Conclusions: Prevalent HPV types identified in our study were HPV 16, 18, 45, 53 and 67. Organizing effective screening programs in prenatal care facilities is crucial in order to detect prevalent HR-HPV types and precursors for cervical lesions. The addition of HPV vaccination in the national immunization program with focus on the different epidemiological HPV genotypes circulating in the country is warranted.
Keywords: HPV; cervical lesions; pregnancy; Cameroon HPV; cervical lesions; pregnancy; Cameroon

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Doh, G.; Mkong, E.; Ikomey, G.M.; Obasa, A.E.; Mesembe, M.; Fokunang, C.; Jacobs, G.B. Preinvasive Cervical Lesions and High Prevalence of Human Papilloma Virus Among Pregnant Women in Cameroon. GERMS 2021, 11, 78-87. https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2021.1243

AMA Style

Doh G, Mkong E, Ikomey GM, Obasa AE, Mesembe M, Fokunang C, Jacobs GB. Preinvasive Cervical Lesions and High Prevalence of Human Papilloma Virus Among Pregnant Women in Cameroon. GERMS. 2021; 11(1):78-87. https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2021.1243

Chicago/Turabian Style

Doh, Gilbert, Edwin Mkong, George Mondinde Ikomey, Adetayo Emmanuel Obasa, Martha Mesembe, Charles Fokunang, and Graeme Brendon Jacobs. 2021. "Preinvasive Cervical Lesions and High Prevalence of Human Papilloma Virus Among Pregnant Women in Cameroon" GERMS 11, no. 1: 78-87. https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2021.1243

APA Style

Doh, G., Mkong, E., Ikomey, G. M., Obasa, A. E., Mesembe, M., Fokunang, C., & Jacobs, G. B. (2021). Preinvasive Cervical Lesions and High Prevalence of Human Papilloma Virus Among Pregnant Women in Cameroon. GERMS, 11(1), 78-87. https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2021.1243

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