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Volume 10
Issue 3
10.18683/germs.2020.1200
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Article

Update on Urogenital Tuberculosis in Southern Tunisia: A Review of a 26-Year Period

by
Fatma Hammami
1,2,*,
Makram Koubaa
1,2,*,
Houda Ben Ayed
2,3,
Khaoula Rekik
1,2,
Maissa Ben Jemaa
3,
Mariem Ben Hmida
3,
Maroua Trigui
3,
Chakib Marrakchi
1,2,
Jamel Dammak
3 and
Mounir Ben Jemaa
1,2
1
Infectious Diseases Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
2
Extra-Pulmonary Research Unity, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
3
Community Health and Epidemiology Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
GERMS 2020, 10(3), 150-156; https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2020.1200
Submission received: 20 April 2020 / Revised: 19 June 2020 / Accepted: 21 June 2020 / Published: 1 September 2020
Versions Notes

Abstract

Introduction: Tuberculosis affects commonly the lungs, but any other organs can be affected as well. Urogenital tuberculosis is usually misdiagnosed. In this perspective, we aimed to give an update on the epidemiological, clinical and evolutionary features of urogenital tuberculosis in Southern Tunisia. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study including all patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis notified during the period from 1992 to 2017 in Southern Tunisia. We specified the particularities of urogenital tuberculosis cases, and we compared them with other extrapulmonary tuberculosis cases. Results: Overall, we analyzed 240 cases with urogenital tuberculosis, among 1702 patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis (14.1%). There were 121 women (50.4%). The mean age was 49±17 years. Multifocal tuberculosis was noted in 29 cases (12.1%). There were 169 cases with urinary tract tuberculosis (70.4%). Chronological trends analysis showed that the median age at diagnosis increased significantly (Rho = 0.41; p = 0.039) and the number of urogenital tuberculosis declined during the study period, without a statistical significance (Rho = -0.07; p = 0.721). Compared to other extrapulmonary tuberculosis sites, patients aged 60 years and above (OR = 2.7; p < 0.001) and coming from rural areas (OR = 1.4; p = 0.021) were more frequently diagnosed with urogenital tuberculosis. Treatment duration was significantly longer in patients with urogenital tuberculosis (10.13 ± 3.79 vs 9.20 ± 3.77 months; p < 0.001). As for the disease evolution, relapse was significantly more frequent in patients with urogenital tuberculosis (OR = 4.1; p = 0.045). Conclusions: Although decreasing trends over time were noted, the prognosis of urogenital tuberculosis was more severe compared to other extrapulmonary tuberculosis sites.
Keywords: antitubercular therapy; disease evolution; epidemiology; urogenital tuberculosis antitubercular therapy; disease evolution; epidemiology; urogenital tuberculosis

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MDPI and ACS Style

Hammami, F.; Koubaa, M.; Ben Ayed, H.; Rekik, K.; Ben Jemaa, M.; Ben Hmida, M.; Trigui, M.; Marrakchi, C.; Dammak, J.; Ben Jemaa, M. Update on Urogenital Tuberculosis in Southern Tunisia: A Review of a 26-Year Period. GERMS 2020, 10, 150-156. https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2020.1200

AMA Style

Hammami F, Koubaa M, Ben Ayed H, Rekik K, Ben Jemaa M, Ben Hmida M, Trigui M, Marrakchi C, Dammak J, Ben Jemaa M. Update on Urogenital Tuberculosis in Southern Tunisia: A Review of a 26-Year Period. GERMS. 2020; 10(3):150-156. https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2020.1200

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hammami, Fatma, Makram Koubaa, Houda Ben Ayed, Khaoula Rekik, Maissa Ben Jemaa, Mariem Ben Hmida, Maroua Trigui, Chakib Marrakchi, Jamel Dammak, and Mounir Ben Jemaa. 2020. "Update on Urogenital Tuberculosis in Southern Tunisia: A Review of a 26-Year Period" GERMS 10, no. 3: 150-156. https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2020.1200

APA Style

Hammami, F., Koubaa, M., Ben Ayed, H., Rekik, K., Ben Jemaa, M., Ben Hmida, M., Trigui, M., Marrakchi, C., Dammak, J., & Ben Jemaa, M. (2020). Update on Urogenital Tuberculosis in Southern Tunisia: A Review of a 26-Year Period. GERMS, 10(3), 150-156. https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2020.1200

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