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Volume 13
Issue 11
10.3390/pr13113436
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Study on the Fracture Characteristics and Mechanisms of Iron Ore Under Dynamic Loading

by
Yilin Tian
1,2,
Peng Xu
3,
Hua Li
1,2,
Junjie Li
4,
Shiqing Zhou
3,
Yanting Chen
5,
Xuyang Chang
3 and
Zhibo Lin
6,*
1
Luan Xian Si Jiaying Iron Ore Co., Ltd., Hebei Iron and Steel Group, Tangshan 063701, China
2
Open Pit Iron Mine Slope Protection and Treatment Technology Innovation Center in Hebei Province, Tangshan 063701, China
3
School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
4
School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
5
Hebei Iron and Steel Group Mining Co., Ltd., Tangshan 063000, China
6
College of Architectural Engineering, Wuhan City Polytechnic, Wuhan 430064, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Processes 2025, 13(11), 3436; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13113436 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 24 August 2025 / Revised: 10 October 2025 / Accepted: 21 October 2025 / Published: 26 October 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Simulation and Engineering Application of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (Second Edition))
Versions Notes

Abstract

The dynamic fracture process of iron ore under blast loading is an important manifestation of ore fragmentation. To investigate the dynamic fracturing process of iron ore, Hopkinson bar experiments were conducted under different impact loads. The results indicate that under low strain rates, the dynamic stress–strain curve of iron ore exhibits compaction, elastic, and failure stages. However, as the strain rate increases, the compaction stage becomes less distinct, while the elastic modulus decreases and the failure strength increases, indicating the material toughness was enhanced at high strain rate. Moreover, under high strain rates, a significant increase in shear strain promotes the formation of tensile–shear cracks in the ore. In addition, based on the fragmentation of iron ore at different impact pressure, there exists a certain impact pressure, at which the proportion of large fragments decreases only slightly, while the amount of small fragments increases markedly. These findings provide important insights for optimizing fragmentation and improving blasting effectiveness.
Keywords: dynamic impact; iron ore; fragmentation characteristic; crack propagation dynamic impact; iron ore; fragmentation characteristic; crack propagation

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MDPI and ACS Style

Tian, Y.; Xu, P.; Li, H.; Li, J.; Zhou, S.; Chen, Y.; Chang, X.; Lin, Z. Study on the Fracture Characteristics and Mechanisms of Iron Ore Under Dynamic Loading. Processes 2025, 13, 3436. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13113436

AMA Style

Tian Y, Xu P, Li H, Li J, Zhou S, Chen Y, Chang X, Lin Z. Study on the Fracture Characteristics and Mechanisms of Iron Ore Under Dynamic Loading. Processes. 2025; 13(11):3436. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13113436

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tian, Yilin, Peng Xu, Hua Li, Junjie Li, Shiqing Zhou, Yanting Chen, Xuyang Chang, and Zhibo Lin. 2025. "Study on the Fracture Characteristics and Mechanisms of Iron Ore Under Dynamic Loading" Processes 13, no. 11: 3436. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13113436

APA Style

Tian, Y., Xu, P., Li, H., Li, J., Zhou, S., Chen, Y., Chang, X., & Lin, Z. (2025). Study on the Fracture Characteristics and Mechanisms of Iron Ore Under Dynamic Loading. Processes, 13(11), 3436. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13113436

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