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Biomedicines
Volume 13
Issue 9
10.3390/biomedicines13092230
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Review

Eosinophilic Esophagitis—Catching Up with the Hype Train: A Systematic Overview and Review of the Literature of the Emerging Disease

by
Jawad Hindy
1,2,3,*,
Amir Mari
4,5,
Tova Rainis
1,6 and
Gadeer A’li Taha
7
1
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Haifa 3339419, Israel
2
The Proteomic Unit, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa 3339419, Israel
3
Cancer Research Center, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525433, Israel
4
Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
5
Department of Gastroenterology, EMMS Nazareth Hospital, Nazareth Hospital, Nazareth 1613101, Israel
6
The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525433, Israel
7
Leumit Health Services, Tel Aviv-Yafo 6473817, Israel
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Biomedicines 2025, 13(9), 2230; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13092230
Submission received: 1 August 2025 / Revised: 5 September 2025 / Accepted: 7 September 2025 / Published: 10 September 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Immunology and Immunotherapy)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Background: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic, immune-mediated esophageal disorder characterized by Th2-driven inflammation. Clinically, it manifests as esophageal dysfunction, including dysphagia and food impaction, and is frequently associated with atopic comorbidities. Methods: Diagnosis is established via histologic confirmation of ≥15 eosinophils per high-power field (hpf) on esophageal biopsy. Clinical presentation varies, ranging from subtle dysphagia to severe complications necessitating urgent endoscopic intervention. Results: Disease progression is characterized by esophageal remodeling, encompassing fibrosis, angiogenesis, and muscular hypertrophy. Management strategies require individualized, long-term approaches aimed at symptom control and prevention of structural complications. Discussion: Advances in the last decade have refined diagnostic criteria, standardized endoscopic scoring systems, and introduced novel therapeutic agents, including biologics. This review synthesizes current evidence regarding epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostics, and therapeutic strategies.
Keywords: eosinophils; esophagus; inflammation; mucosa eosinophils; esophagus; inflammation; mucosa

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MDPI and ACS Style

Hindy, J.; Mari, A.; Rainis, T.; Taha, G.A. Eosinophilic Esophagitis—Catching Up with the Hype Train: A Systematic Overview and Review of the Literature of the Emerging Disease. Biomedicines 2025, 13, 2230. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13092230

AMA Style

Hindy J, Mari A, Rainis T, Taha GA. Eosinophilic Esophagitis—Catching Up with the Hype Train: A Systematic Overview and Review of the Literature of the Emerging Disease. Biomedicines. 2025; 13(9):2230. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13092230

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hindy, Jawad, Amir Mari, Tova Rainis, and Gadeer A’li Taha. 2025. "Eosinophilic Esophagitis—Catching Up with the Hype Train: A Systematic Overview and Review of the Literature of the Emerging Disease" Biomedicines 13, no. 9: 2230. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13092230

APA Style

Hindy, J., Mari, A., Rainis, T., & Taha, G. A. (2025). Eosinophilic Esophagitis—Catching Up with the Hype Train: A Systematic Overview and Review of the Literature of the Emerging Disease. Biomedicines, 13(9), 2230. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13092230

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