Specific Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses to the Neoantigen RBD of SARS-CoV-2 in Patients with Primary and Secondary Immunodeficiency and Healthy Donors
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 Cellular Response
2.3. Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 Humoral Response
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Epidemiological and Immunological Characteristics of the Study Population
3.2. SARS-CoV-2 History
3.3. SARS-CoV-2 T-Cell Responses in PID and SID Patients
3.4. SARS-CoV-2-Specific T-Cell Responses in Healthy Donors
3.5. SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Responses
3.6. SARS-CoV-2 Infection Follow-Up and Correlate for Protection
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
References
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CVID No. = 20 | SID No. = 20 | Healthy Controls No. = 81 | |
---|---|---|---|
M/F | 6/14 (30%/70%) | 5/15 (25%/75%) | 21/60 (26%/74%) |
Age (years) | 49.8 ± 16.4 | 67.9 ± 8.8 | 48.1 ± 15.6 |
IgG at diagnosis (mg/dL) | 464 ± 276 499 (269–595) | 720 ± 1106 369 (162–816) | NA |
IgA at diagnosis (mg/dL) | 41 ± 44 40 (0–51) | 56 ± 64 25 (12–104) | NA |
IgM at diagnosis (mg/dL) | 64 ± 112 17 (5–52) | 32 ± 45 11 (8–43) | NA |
CD4+ T-lymphocytes (/uL) | 659 ± 288 598 (431–870) | 900 ± 650 725 (436–1222) | NA |
CD8+ T-lymphocytes (/uL) | 574 ± 414 530 (257–682) | 751 ± 370 709 (440–1047) | NA |
IgRT | SCIG 6/20 (30%) IVIG 13/20 (65%) | IVIG 15/20 (75%) | NA |
COVID-19 prior to vaccine | 5/20 (25%) | 3/20 (15%) | 31/81 (38%) |
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Mohamed, K.M.; Guevara-Hoyer, K.; García, C.J.; Bravo, L.G.; Jiménez-Huete, A.; de la Peña, A.R.; Valeros, B.M.; Velázquez, C.C.; López, E.C.; Cabello, N.; et al. Specific Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses to the Neoantigen RBD of SARS-CoV-2 in Patients with Primary and Secondary Immunodeficiency and Healthy Donors. Biomedicines 2023, 11, 1042. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11041042
Mohamed KM, Guevara-Hoyer K, García CJ, Bravo LG, Jiménez-Huete A, de la Peña AR, Valeros BM, Velázquez CC, López EC, Cabello N, et al. Specific Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses to the Neoantigen RBD of SARS-CoV-2 in Patients with Primary and Secondary Immunodeficiency and Healthy Donors. Biomedicines. 2023; 11(4):1042. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11041042
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohamed, Kauzar Mohamed, Kissy Guevara-Hoyer, Carlos Jiménez García, Laura García Bravo, Adolfo Jiménez-Huete, Antonia Rodríguez de la Peña, Beatriz Mediero Valeros, Cristina Cañizares Velázquez, Esther Culebras López, Noemí Cabello, and et al. 2023. "Specific Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses to the Neoantigen RBD of SARS-CoV-2 in Patients with Primary and Secondary Immunodeficiency and Healthy Donors" Biomedicines 11, no. 4: 1042. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11041042