HLA-DRB1*14:54 Is Associated with Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis: A Retrospective Real-World Audit
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Subjects
2.2. Diagnostic Criteria
2.3. DNA Extraction and PCR Amplification
2.4. DNA-Sequencing and HLA-DRB1 Genotyping
2.5. Statistics
3. Results
3.1. Study Populations
3.2. Histopathological Characteristics
3.3. HLA-DRB1 Allelic Polymorphism
3.4. Treatment Response
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
List of Abbreviations
References
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Variable | aPAP (N = 46) | sPAP (N = 14) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|
Demographics | |||
Age at diagnosis, yr a | 47.26 ± 10.910 | 47.14 ± 6.916 | 0.969 |
Sex ratio | 1.7:1.0 | 2.5:1.0 | |
male, no. (%) | 29 (63.0) | 10 (71.4) | 0.7980 |
female, no. (%) | 17 (37.0) | 4 (25.6) | |
Clinical symptoms, no. (%) | |||
Cough and/or production of white frothy sputum | 29 (63.0) | 8 (57.1) | 0.690 |
Dyspnea | 21 (45.7) | 10 (71.4) | 0.091 |
Hypoxemia | 11 (23.9) | 7 (50.0) | 0.062 |
Chest tightness or chest pain | 2 (4.3) | 6 (42.9) | 0.001 |
Respiratory failure | 1 (2.2) | 2 (14.3) | 0.133 |
FEV1/FVC b, no. (%) | |||
≥70% | 30 (65.2) | 6 (42.9) | >0.99 |
<70% | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
NA | 16 (34.8) | 8 (57.1) | / |
PaO2 b, no. (%) | |||
≥70 mmHg | 15 (32.6) | 10 (71.4) | 0.1578 |
<70 mmHg | 11 (23.9) | 2 (14.3) | |
NA | 20 (43.5) | 2 (14.3) | / |
SpO2 b, no. (%) | |||
≥94% | 17 (37.0) | 12 (85.7) | 0.502 |
<94% | 2 (4.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
NA | 27 (58.7) | 2 (14.3) | / |
Disease severity score, no. (%) | |||
1 | 4 (8.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0.393 |
2 | 11 (23.9) | 10 (71.4) | |
3 | 9 (19.6) | 2 (14.3) | |
4 | 2 (4.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
NA | 20 (43.5) | 2 (14.3) | / |
Critical or serious illness during hospitalization c, no. (%) | |||
Yes | 3 (6.5) | 6 (42.9) | 0.007 |
No | 36 (78.2) | 8 (57.1) | |
NA | 7 (15.2) | 0 (0.0) | / |
HLA-DRB1 Alleles | Total (n = 56), No. (%) | aPAP (n = 36), No. (%) | sPAP (n = 20), No. (%) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
08:03 | 23 (41.1) | 9 (25.0) | 3 (15.0) | 0.593 |
14:54 | 7 (12.5) | 7 (19.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0.091 |
15:01 | 7 (12.5) | 2 (5.5) | 5 (25.0) | 0.091 |
16:02 | 5 (8.9) | 3 (8.3) | 2 (10.0) | 0.780 |
09:01 | 5 (8.9) | 2 (5.5) | 3 (15.0) | 0.485 |
13:12 | 3 (5.3) | 3 (8.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.479 |
10:01 | 2 (3.6) | 1 (2.7) | 1 (5.0) | >0.999 |
04:05 | 2 (3.6) | 1 (2.7) | 1 (5.0) | >0.999 |
03:01 | 2 (3.6) | 1 (2.7) | 1 (5.0) | >0.999 |
11:01 | 2 (3.6) | 1 (2.7) | 1 (5.0) | >0.999 |
12:02 | 2 (3.6) | 1 (2.7) | 1 (5.0) | >0.999 |
01:01 | 1 (1.8) | 1 (2.7) | 0 (0.0) | >0.999 |
04:03 | 1 (1.8) | 1 (2.7) | 0 (0.0) | >0.999 |
07:01 | 1 (1.8) | 1 (2.7) | 0 (0.0) | >0.999 |
11:06 | 1 (1.8) | 1 (2.7) | 0 (0.0) | >0.999 |
12:01 | 1 (1.8) | 0 | 1 (5.0) | 0.3571 |
13:01 | 1 (1.8) | 0 | 1 (5.0) | 0.3571 |
14:05 | 1 (1.8) | 1 (2.7) | 0 (0.0) | >0.999 |
HLA-DRB1 Alleles | Total (N = 28), No. (%) | aPAP (N = 18), No. (%) | sPAP (N = 10), No. (%) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
08:03 | 12 (42.9) | 9 (50.0) | 3 (30.0) | 0.434 |
14:54 | 7 (25.0) | 7 (38.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0.030 |
15:01 | 7 (25.0) | 2 (11.1) | 5 (50.0) | 0.067 |
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Li, M.; Liu, Q.; Wang, W.; Jiang, L. HLA-DRB1*14:54 Is Associated with Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis: A Retrospective Real-World Audit. Biomedicines 2023, 11, 2909. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11112909
Li M, Liu Q, Wang W, Jiang L. HLA-DRB1*14:54 Is Associated with Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis: A Retrospective Real-World Audit. Biomedicines. 2023; 11(11):2909. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11112909
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Mengqian, Qinglin Liu, Weiwen Wang, and Lili Jiang. 2023. "HLA-DRB1*14:54 Is Associated with Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis: A Retrospective Real-World Audit" Biomedicines 11, no. 11: 2909. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11112909
APA StyleLi, M., Liu, Q., Wang, W., & Jiang, L. (2023). HLA-DRB1*14:54 Is Associated with Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis: A Retrospective Real-World Audit. Biomedicines, 11(11), 2909. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11112909