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Volume 11
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10.3390/biomedicines11010126
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Article

A Transient Inflammatory Response Induced by Lipopolysaccharide Infusion Lowers Markers of Endogenous Cholesterol and Bile Acid Synthesis in Healthy Normocholesterolemic Young Men

by
Sultan Mashnafi
1,2,
Sabine Baumgartner
1,
Ronald P. Mensink
1,
Desiree Perlee
3,
Lonneke A. van Vught
3,
Dieter Lütjohann
4 and
Jogchum Plat
1,*
1
Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
2
Department of Medical Basic Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, AlBaha University, AlBaha 65779-7738, Saudi Arabia
3
Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
4
Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Biomedicines 2023, 11(1), 126; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11010126
Submission received: 5 December 2022 / Revised: 27 December 2022 / Accepted: 1 January 2023 / Published: 4 January 2023
(This article belongs to the Section Immunology and Immunotherapy)
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Abstract

Inflammation is associated with changes in plasma lipids, lipoproteins, and cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC). It is unknown if the changes in lipids and lipoproteins during inflammation are related to changes in cholesterol absorption, synthesis, and bile acid synthesis. We, therefore, examined the effects of acute lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced transient systemic inflammation on lipids, lipoproteins, CEC, and markers of cholesterol metabolism. We also evaluated whether markers for cholesterol metabolism at baseline predict the intensity of the inflammatory response. Eight healthy young subjects received LPS infusion, and blood was sampled for the following 24 h. In addition to lipids, lipoproteins, and CEC, we also measured markers for cholesterol absorption and synthesis, bile acid synthesis, and inflammation. Compared with baseline, plasma total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and CEC decreased, while triglycerides increased in the 24 h following LPS infusion. TC-standardized levels of cholesterol synthesis markers (lathosterol, lanosterol, and desmosterol) and a bile acid synthesis marker (7α-OH-cholesterol) also decreased, with no changes in cholesterol absorption markers (campesterol, sitosterol, and cholestanol). Baseline TC-standardized levels of desmosterol and 7α-OH-cholesterol were positively correlated with concentrations of various inflammatory markers. Changes in TC-standardized desmosterol and 7α-OH-cholesterol were negatively correlated with concentrations of inflammatory markers. LPS infusion reduced endogenous cholesterol synthesis and bile acid synthesis in healthy young men.
Keywords: LPS-induced inflammation; cholesterol absorption; cholesterol synthesis; bile acid synthesis; non-cholesterol sterols LPS-induced inflammation; cholesterol absorption; cholesterol synthesis; bile acid synthesis; non-cholesterol sterols

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MDPI and ACS Style

Mashnafi, S.; Baumgartner, S.; Mensink, R.P.; Perlee, D.; van Vught, L.A.; Lütjohann, D.; Plat, J. A Transient Inflammatory Response Induced by Lipopolysaccharide Infusion Lowers Markers of Endogenous Cholesterol and Bile Acid Synthesis in Healthy Normocholesterolemic Young Men. Biomedicines 2023, 11, 126. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11010126

AMA Style

Mashnafi S, Baumgartner S, Mensink RP, Perlee D, van Vught LA, Lütjohann D, Plat J. A Transient Inflammatory Response Induced by Lipopolysaccharide Infusion Lowers Markers of Endogenous Cholesterol and Bile Acid Synthesis in Healthy Normocholesterolemic Young Men. Biomedicines. 2023; 11(1):126. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11010126

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mashnafi, Sultan, Sabine Baumgartner, Ronald P. Mensink, Desiree Perlee, Lonneke A. van Vught, Dieter Lütjohann, and Jogchum Plat. 2023. "A Transient Inflammatory Response Induced by Lipopolysaccharide Infusion Lowers Markers of Endogenous Cholesterol and Bile Acid Synthesis in Healthy Normocholesterolemic Young Men" Biomedicines 11, no. 1: 126. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11010126

APA Style

Mashnafi, S., Baumgartner, S., Mensink, R. P., Perlee, D., van Vught, L. A., Lütjohann, D., & Plat, J. (2023). A Transient Inflammatory Response Induced by Lipopolysaccharide Infusion Lowers Markers of Endogenous Cholesterol and Bile Acid Synthesis in Healthy Normocholesterolemic Young Men. Biomedicines, 11(1), 126. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11010126

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