One Year in the Extreme Isolation of Antarctica—Is This Enough to Modulate an “Allergic” Sensitization?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Station Description and Original Study Protocol
2.2. Biochemical Measurements
<20 kU/L—Allergy unlikely | 20–100 kU/L—Allergy possible | >100 kU/L—Allergy likely |
2.3. Questionnaire
2.4. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Demographic Data
3.2. The ALEX Test
Total IgE
3.3. Specific IgEs
3.4. Grass Pollen
3.5. Tree Pollen
3.6. House Dust Mites & Storage Mites
3.7. Microorganisms
3.8. Pets
3.9. Questionnaires and ALEX Results
4. Discussion
Limitations
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Concordia | Neumayer III | All | |
---|---|---|---|
Number | 23 | 16 | 39 |
Gender [m/f] | 21/2 | 11/5 | 32/7 |
Age during WO [years] | 36.5 ± 10.9 (23–62) | 33.3 ± 4.8 (25–42) | 35.2 ± 9.0 (23–62) |
Height [cm] | 175.3 ± 7.1 (165–191) | 175.6 ± 9.0 (157–188) | 175.5 ±7.8 (157–191) |
Weight [kg] | 76.6 ± 13.2 (58–107) | 78.3 ± 17.0 (52–109) | 77.3 ± 14.7 (52–109) |
Body mass index [kg/m2] | 24.9 ± 3.8 (19.7–33.3) | 25.1 ± 3.8 (19.8–34.4) | 25.0 ± 3.8 (19.7–34.4) |
Participant. | Pollen | Mites | Micro-Organisms | Plant-Based Food | Animal-Derived Food | Insects & Venoms | Epithelial Tissues of Animals | Others | Cross-Reactive Allergen Families | Total IgE | History of Allergy | Type of Allergy, Symptoms and Development | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Grass Pollen | Tree Pollen | Weed | House Dust Mites & Storage Mites | Fungal Spores & Yeast | Legumes | Fruits | Vegetables & mushrooms | Nuts & Seeds | Fish & Seafood | Meat | Bee, Wasp | Pets | Latex | Profilin | PR-10 | Ole e 1 Family | LTPs | Lipocalins | NPC2 | Serum albumin | Tropo-myosin | (kU/L) | ||||||
Con2_pre | 3 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 94 | no | ||||
Con2_Sept | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 179 | |||||
Con2_post | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 441 | |||||
Con3_pre | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | no | ||||
Con3_Sept | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 | |||||
Con3_post | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | |||||
Con4_pre | 4 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 223 | yes | hay fever, reactions to insect bites, younger age allergy towards cats/dogs, food reactions | |||
Con4_Sept | 4 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 324 | |||||
Con4_post | 3 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 68 | afterwards, same reactions as before, but more hay fever | ||||
Con6_pre | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16 | no | ||||
Con6_Sept | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 80 | |||||
Con6_post | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15 | |||||
Con9_pre | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 193 | yes | hay fever (pollen from olive trees) | |||
Con9_Sept | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 124 | |||||
Con9_post | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 63 | no hay fever after return | ||||
Con15_pre | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 6 | yes | hay fever (varying with years), dust mites | |||
Con15_Sept | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 4 | |||||
Con15_post | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 5 | worse hay fever after return | ||||
Con17_pre | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 34 | no | ||||
Con17_Sept | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 | |||||
Con17_post | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 33 | |||||
Con21_pre | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26 | yes afterwards | ||||
Con21_Sept | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 31 | |||||
Con21_post | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 176 | newly experienced hay fever directly after return for a couple of days | ||||
Con23_pre | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 719 | yes | cats, dogs, rats -> wheezing | |||
Con23_Sept | missing | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Con23_post | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 521 | new allergic reactions to gras/flowers ->hay fever, wheezing, throat swelling | ||||
Neu4_pre | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 41 | yes | grass and rabbit allergy | |||
Neu4_Sept | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 45 | |||||
Neu4_post | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15 | |||||
Neu6_pre | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15 | no | ||||
Neu6_Sept | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 | |||||
Neu6_post | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
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Feuerecker, M.; Strewe, C.; Aumayr, M.; Heitland, T.; Limper, U.; Crucian, B.; Baatout, S.; Choukér, A. One Year in the Extreme Isolation of Antarctica—Is This Enough to Modulate an “Allergic” Sensitization? Biomedicines 2022, 10, 448. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10020448
Feuerecker M, Strewe C, Aumayr M, Heitland T, Limper U, Crucian B, Baatout S, Choukér A. One Year in the Extreme Isolation of Antarctica—Is This Enough to Modulate an “Allergic” Sensitization? Biomedicines. 2022; 10(2):448. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10020448
Chicago/Turabian StyleFeuerecker, Matthias, Claudia Strewe, Martina Aumayr, Tim Heitland, Ulrich Limper, Brian Crucian, Sarah Baatout, and Alexander Choukér. 2022. "One Year in the Extreme Isolation of Antarctica—Is This Enough to Modulate an “Allergic” Sensitization?" Biomedicines 10, no. 2: 448. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10020448
APA StyleFeuerecker, M., Strewe, C., Aumayr, M., Heitland, T., Limper, U., Crucian, B., Baatout, S., & Choukér, A. (2022). One Year in the Extreme Isolation of Antarctica—Is This Enough to Modulate an “Allergic” Sensitization? Biomedicines, 10(2), 448. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10020448