Comparable Outcomes in Early Hepatocellular Carcinomas Treated with Trans-Arterial Chemoembolization and Radiofrequency Ablation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patients
2.2. Selection of Primary Treatment Modality
2.3. Trans-Arterial Chemoembolization
2.4. Radiofrequency Ablation
2.5. Patient Follow-Up
2.6. Evaluation of Data
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Baseline Charateristics
3.2. Survival
3.3. Time to Progression
3.4. Chance of Complete Response
3.5. Recurrence
3.6. Number of Treatments
3.7. Adverse Events
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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TACE | RFA | p Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of patients | 168 | 56 | |||
Age, median (IQR) | 68 | (57–75) | 65 | (59–70) | 0.173 |
Gender (%) | |||||
Male | 123 | (73.2%) | 43 | (76.8%) | 0.597 |
Female | 45 | (26.8%) | 13 | (23.2%) | |
Ethnicity (%) | |||||
Chinese | 95 | (56.5%) | 45 | (80.4%) | 0.012 |
Malay | 9 | (5.4%) | 2 | (3.5%) | |
Indian | 6 | (3.6%) | 0 | - | |
Others | 58 | (34.5%) | 9 | (16.1%) | |
Cirrhosis (%) | |||||
Yes | 167 | (86.8%) | 47 | (83.9%) | 0.564 |
No | 22 | (13.1%) | 8 | (14.3%) | |
Unknown | 1 | (0.6%) | 1 | (1.8%) | |
Etiology of underlying liver disease (% of total etiologies) | |||||
213 cases have a single etiology while 11 cases have multiple etiologies. | |||||
Hepatitis B | 78 | 23 | 0.002 | ||
Hepatitis C | 34 | 13 | |||
Alcoholic Cirrhosis | 11 | 12 | |||
NAFLD | 12 | 8 | |||
Autoimmune Hepatitis | 1 | 1 | |||
Wilson’s disease | 2 | 0 | |||
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis | 0 | 2 | |||
Etiology not known | 35 | 4 | |||
Biochemistry | |||||
Alpha-fetoprotein (ng/mL) | 18.0 | (5.0–122.0) | 12.5 | (7.0–58.0) | 0.460 |
Prothrombin Time (s) | 14.0 | (13.0–16.0) | 15.0 | (14.0–16.0) | 0.193 |
Platelet × 109/L | 128.0 | (91.0–211.0) | 132.5 | (82.5–171.3) | 0.339 |
Total Bilirubin (umol/L) | 16.0 | (10.0–26.25) | 17.0 | (11.0–33.75) | 0.283 |
Albumin (g/L) | 36.0 | (31.0–40.0) | 36.0 | (31.0–40.0) | 0.870 |
Child-Pugh Score (%) | |||||
A | 124 | (73.8%) | 41 | (73.2%) | 0.930 |
B | 44 | (26.2%) | 15 | (26.8%) | |
Tumor Nodularity | |||||
Uninodular | 95 | (56.5%) | 34 | (60.7%) | 0.748 |
Multinodular | 71 | (43.5%) | 22 | (39.3%) | |
Diffuse | 2 | (1.2%) | 0 | - | |
Primary nodule characteristics | |||||
Median Size (cm) | 3.8 | (2.2–6.2) | 2.10 | (1.5–2.7) | <0.001 |
TACE | RFA | p Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of patients | 62 | 45 | 0.100 | ||
Age | 64 | (57–72) | 65 | (59–70) | 0.880 |
Gender (%) | |||||
Male | 40 | (64.5%) | 34 | (75.6%) | 0.222 |
Female | 22 | (35.5%) | 11 | (24.4%) | |
Ethnicity (%) | |||||
Chinese | 34 | (54.8%) | 37 | (82.2%) | 0.018 |
Malay | 3 | (4.8%) | 2 | (4.4%) | |
Indian | 3 | (4.8%) | 0 | - | |
Others | 22 | (35.5%) | 6 | (13.3%) | |
Etiology of underlying liver disease (% of total etiologies) 101 cases had single etiology while 6 cases had multiple etiologies | |||||
Hepatitis B | 24 | 19 | 0.2184 | ||
Hepatitis C | 18 | 10 | |||
Alcoholic Cirrhosis | 7 | 10 | |||
NAFLD | 6 | 6 | |||
Autoimmune Hepatitis | 0 | 1 | |||
Wilson’s disease | 1 | 0 | |||
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis | 0 | 2 | |||
Etiology not known | 6 | 1 | |||
Biochemistry | |||||
Alpha-fetoprotein (ng/mL) | 16.5 | (5.8–99.0) | 12.0 | (7.0–46.0) | 0.781 |
Prothrombin Time (s) | 14.0 | (13.0–15.0) | 15.0 | (14.0–15.0) | 0.229 |
Platelet × 109/L | 108.0 | (73.5–160.5) | 137.0 | (91.0–169.5) | 0.100 |
Total Bilirubin (umol/L) | 15.0 | (11.75–27.0) | 15.0 | (10.0–27.0) | 0.865 |
Albumin (g/L) | 37.0 | (31.5–40.5) | 36.4 | (32.5–40.0) | 0.597 |
Tumor Nodularity | |||||
Uninodular | 34 | (54.8%) | 26 | (57.8%) | 0.762 |
Multinodular | 28 | (45.2%) | 19 | (42.2%) |
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Tay, B.W.R.; Huang, D.Q.; Mark, M.; Thong, N.W.; Guan Huei, L.; Gee, L.S.; Cheng, L.H.; Mei, L.Y.; Thurairajah, P.; Chen, L.J.; et al. Comparable Outcomes in Early Hepatocellular Carcinomas Treated with Trans-Arterial Chemoembolization and Radiofrequency Ablation. Biomedicines 2022, 10, 2361. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10102361
Tay BWR, Huang DQ, Mark M, Thong NW, Guan Huei L, Gee LS, Cheng LH, Mei LY, Thurairajah P, Chen LJ, et al. Comparable Outcomes in Early Hepatocellular Carcinomas Treated with Trans-Arterial Chemoembolization and Radiofrequency Ablation. Biomedicines. 2022; 10(10):2361. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10102361
Chicago/Turabian StyleTay, Benjamin Wei Rong, Daniel Q. Huang, Muthiah Mark, Neo Wee Thong, Lee Guan Huei, Lim Seng Gee, Low How Cheng, Lee Yin Mei, Prem Thurairajah, Lim Jia Chen, and et al. 2022. "Comparable Outcomes in Early Hepatocellular Carcinomas Treated with Trans-Arterial Chemoembolization and Radiofrequency Ablation" Biomedicines 10, no. 10: 2361. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10102361