Potentiometric Surfactant Sensor for Anionic Surfactants Based on 1,3-dioctadecyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium tetraphenylborate
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Reagents
2.2. Ionophore Synthesis and Characterization
2.3. Computational Details
2.4. Preparation of Surfactant SENSOR
2.5. Potentiometric Measurements
3. Results
3.1. Ionophore Synthesis and Characterization
3.2. Computational Analysis
3.3. Sensor Characterization
3.3.1. Sensor Response to Anionic Surfactants
3.3.2. Selectivity and pH
3.4. Potentiometric Titrations
3.4.1. Titration of DBS with Selected Cationic Surfactants
3.4.2. Titration of SDS with Selected Cationic Surfactants
3.4.3. Titrations of Commercial Samples
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cation Component | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
ΔGBIND | −5.0 | −2.4 | −0.5 | −3.2 |
Parameters | Anionic Surfactants | |
---|---|---|
DBS | SDS | |
Slope (mV/decade) | 59.3 ± 0.5 | 58.3 ± 0.4 |
Correlation coefficient (R2) | 0.9997 | 0.9998 |
Limit of detection (M) | 7.1 ± 10−7 | 6.8 ± 10−7 |
Useful linear concentration range (M) | 6.3 × 10−7 to 3.2 × 10−4 | 5.9 × 10−7 to 4.1 × 10−3 |
Anion | |
---|---|
Acetate | −4.27 |
Borate | −4.75 |
Benzoate | −4.35 |
Bromide | −4.00 |
Chloride | −3.92 |
Carbonate | −3.92 |
Dihydrogenphophate | −3.92 |
EDTA | −3.92 |
Hydrogen sulfate | −3.30 |
Nitrate | −3.43 |
Sulfate | −3.48 |
Toluensulfonate | −3.93 |
Analyte | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DBS | SDS | ||||||
Taken (mM) | Found (mM) | Recovery (%) | Taken (mM) | Found (mM) | Recovery (%) | ||
Titrant | CTAB | 0.1 | 0.0973 | 97.3 | 0.1 | 0.0989 | 98.9 |
0.01 | 0.00102 | 102.0 | 0.01 | 0.00981 | 98.1 | ||
Hyamine 1622 | 0.1 | 0.0972 | 97.2 | 0.1 | 0.0988 | 98.8 | |
0.01 | 0.00975 | 97.5 | 0.01 | 0.00989 | 98.9 | ||
CPC | 0.1 | 0.0993 | 99.3 | 0.1 | 0.0991 | 99.1 | |
0.01 | 0.00985 | 98.5 | 0.01 | 0.00987 | 98.9 | ||
DMIC | 0.1 | 0.0993 | 99.3 | 0.1 | 0.0998 | 99.7 | |
0.01 | 0.00997 | 99.7 | 0.01 | 0.00996 | 99.6 |
Detergent Sample | % Anionic Surfactant | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
DODI–TPB | DMI–TPB [13] | Two-Phase Titration [8] | ||
Solid/powder | Sample 1 | 4.25 ± 0.08 | 4.21 | 4.71 |
Sample 2 | 5.21 ± 0.09 | 5.22 | 5.01 | |
Sample 3 | 5.66 ± 0.07 | 5.61 | 5.51 | |
Sample 4 | 6.01 ± 0.09 | 6.09 | 6.11 | |
Liquid/gel | Sample 5 | 2.11 ± 0.07 | 2.15 | 2.27 |
Sample 6 | 2.45 ± 0.11 | 2.41 | 2.85 | |
Sample 7 | 2.25 ± 0.09 | 2.26 | 2.41 | |
Sample 8 | 3.21 ± 0.09 | 3.27 | 3.28 | |
Handwashing | Sample 9 | 15.22 ± 0.11 | 15.21 | 15.32 |
Sample 10 | 14.89 ± 0.09 | 14.85 | 15.07 | |
Sample 11 | 15.42 ± 0.08 | 15.48 | 15.55 | |
Sample 12 | 15.98 ± 0.12 | 15.99 | 16.12 |
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Sakač, N.; Madunić-Čačić, D.; Marković, D.; Hok, L.; Vianello, R.; Vrček, V.; Šarkanj, B.; Đurin, B.; Della Ventura, B.; Velotta, R.; et al. Potentiometric Surfactant Sensor for Anionic Surfactants Based on 1,3-dioctadecyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium tetraphenylborate. Chemosensors 2022, 10, 523. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10120523
Sakač N, Madunić-Čačić D, Marković D, Hok L, Vianello R, Vrček V, Šarkanj B, Đurin B, Della Ventura B, Velotta R, et al. Potentiometric Surfactant Sensor for Anionic Surfactants Based on 1,3-dioctadecyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium tetraphenylborate. Chemosensors. 2022; 10(12):523. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10120523
Chicago/Turabian StyleSakač, Nikola, Dubravka Madunić-Čačić, Dean Marković, Lucija Hok, Robert Vianello, Valerije Vrček, Bojan Šarkanj, Bojan Đurin, Bartolomeo Della Ventura, Raffaele Velotta, and et al. 2022. "Potentiometric Surfactant Sensor for Anionic Surfactants Based on 1,3-dioctadecyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium tetraphenylborate" Chemosensors 10, no. 12: 523. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10120523
APA StyleSakač, N., Madunić-Čačić, D., Marković, D., Hok, L., Vianello, R., Vrček, V., Šarkanj, B., Đurin, B., Della Ventura, B., Velotta, R., & Jozanović, M. (2022). Potentiometric Surfactant Sensor for Anionic Surfactants Based on 1,3-dioctadecyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium tetraphenylborate. Chemosensors, 10(12), 523. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10120523