Factors Influencing Patient-Centeredness among Korean Nursing Students: Empathy and Communication Self-Efficacy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Sample and Procedure
2.2. Ethical Considerations
2.3. Questionnaire
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Sociodemographic Characteristics
3.2. Empathy, Communication Self-Efficacy, and Patient-Centeredness Scores
3.3. Differences in Patient-Centeredness According to General Characteristics
3.4. Correlations between Empathy, Communication Self-Efficacy, and Patient-Centeredness
3.5. Factors Associated with Patient-Centeredness
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | Categories | n (%) | Sharing Subscale (PPOS) | Caring Subscale (PPOS) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | t or F (p) Scheffé | Mean ± SD | t or F (p) Scheffé | |||
Gender | Male | 42 (20.9) | 4.08 ± 0.53 | −1.53 (0.127) | 4.26 ± 0.46 | 0.11 (0.918) |
Female | 159 (79.1) | 4.21 ± 0.47 | 4.26 ± 0.53 | |||
Age (years) | <22 a | 115 (57.2) | 4.11 ± 0.45 | 3.10 (0.047) | 4.13 ± 0.48 | 9.45 (<0.001) a < b,c |
22 to <25 b | 72 (35.8) | 4.23 ± 0.53 | 4.42 ± 0.55 | |||
≥25 c | 14 (7.0) | 4.32 ± 0.47 | 4.51 ± 0.27 | |||
Mean ± SD | 21.53 ± 2.35 | |||||
Grades | First a | 50 (24.9) | 4.03 ± 0.52 | 2.21 (0.088) | 3.93 ± 0.46 | 13.02 (<0.001) a < b,c,d |
Second b | 50 (24.9) | 4.19 ± 0.42 | 4.22 ± 0.46 | |||
Third c | 51 (25.4) | 4.24 ± 0.44 | 4.40 ± 0.49 | |||
Fourth d | 50 (24.9) | 4.25 ± 0.54 | 4.47 ± 0.48 | |||
Hospitalization of oneself or family | Yes | 169 (84.1) | 4.18 ± 0.48 | 0.06 (0.950) | 4.26 ± 0.52 | −0.12 (0.904) |
No | 32 (15.9) | 4.17 ± 0.54 | 4.27 ± 0.48 | |||
Satisfaction with major | Very satisfied | 39 (19.4) | 4.30 ± 0.50 | 1.17 (0.323) | 4.22 ± 0.49 | 1.64 (0.182) |
Satisfied | 105 (52.2) | 4.16 ± 0.50 | 4.33 ± 0.56 | |||
Slightly dissatisfied | 48 (23.9) | 4.11 ± 0.44 | 4.13 ± 0.39 | |||
Dissatisfied | 9 (4.5) | 4.20 ± 0.47 | 4.22 ± 0.62 | |||
Satisfaction with clinical practice | Very satisfied | 6 (3.0) | 4.09 ± 0.32 | 0.79 (0.500) | 4.17 ± 0.44 | 0.64 (0.589) |
Satisfied | 45 (22.4) | 4.29 ± 0.52 | 4.45 ± 0.46 | |||
Slightly dissatisfied | 37 (18.4) | 4.27 ± 0.49 | 4.45 ± 0.50 | |||
Dissatisfied | 13 (6.5) | 4.09 ± 0.47 | 4.46 ± 0.55 |
Scale items | Number of Items | Possible Score Range | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD/ Number of Items |
---|---|---|---|---|
Interpersonal Reactivity Index | ||||
Fantasy (FA) | 7 | 7–35 | 25.05 ± 3.84 | |
Perspective taking (PT) | 7 | 7–35 | 26.00 ± 2.98 | |
Personal distress (PD) | 7 | 7–35 | 19.85 ± 4.07 | |
Empathic concern (EC) | 7 | 7–35 | 26.45 ± 3.28 | |
Communication Self-Efficacy Scale | 37 | 37–222 | 147.81 ± 12.70 | |
Patient–Practitioner Orientation Scale | ||||
Patient-centered Sharing | 9 | 9–54 | 37.61 ± 4.37 | 4.18 ± 0.49 |
Patient-centered Caring | 9 | 9–54 | 38.32 ± 4.63 | 4.26 ± 0.51 |
Variables | Categories | Interpersonal Reactivity Index | Communication Self-Efficacy Scale | Patient–Practitioner Orientation Scale | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FA | PT | PD | EC | Sharing | Caring | |||
r (p) | ||||||||
Interpersonal Reactivity Index | ||||||||
FA | 1 | |||||||
PT | 0.173 (0.014) | 1 | ||||||
PD | 0.260 (<0.001) | −0.185 (0.009) | 1 | |||||
EC | 0.410 (<0.001) | 0.511 (<0.001) | 0.083 (0.240) | 1 | ||||
Communication Self-Efficacy Scale | 0.130 (0.066) | 0.292 (<0.001) | −0.327 (<0.0001) | 0.286 (<0.001) | 1 | |||
Patient–Practitioner Orientation Scale | ||||||||
Patient-centered Sharing | 0.059 (0.403) | 0.021 (0.764) | 0.163 (0.021) | 0.056 (0.434) | 0.386 (<0.001) | 1 | ||
Patient-centered Caring | 0.298 (<0.001) | 0.008 (0.913) | 0.377 (<0.001) | 0.178 (0.012) | 0.359 (<0.001) | 0.486 (<0.001) | 1 |
Variables | B | SE | β | t | p | Adj R2 | F (p) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Constant | 4.09 | 0.48 | 6.76 | <0.001 | 0.15 | 12.22 (<0.001) | |
Age (years) | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.87 | 0.124 | ||
Personal distress (empathy) | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.07 | 1.08 | 0.282 | ||
Communication self-efficacy | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.36 | 5.37 | <0.001 |
Variables | B | SE | β | t | p | Adj R2 | F (p) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Constant | 1.71 | 0.62 | 2.75 | 0.007 | 0.29 | 14.65 (<0.001) | |
Age (years) | 0.37 | 0.02 | 0.17 | 2.54 | 0.012 | ||
Grades (fourth) * | 0.13 | 0.08 | 0.11 | 1.56 | 0.121 | ||
Fantasy (empathy) | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.23 | 3.18 | 0.002 | ||
Personal distress (empathy) | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.17 | 2.42 | 0.016 | ||
Empathic concern (empathy) | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.16 | 2.20 | 0.029 | ||
Communication self-efficacy | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.27 | 4.35 | <0.001 |
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Jeon, J.; Choi, S. Factors Influencing Patient-Centeredness among Korean Nursing Students: Empathy and Communication Self-Efficacy. Healthcare 2021, 9, 727. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9060727
Jeon J, Choi S. Factors Influencing Patient-Centeredness among Korean Nursing Students: Empathy and Communication Self-Efficacy. Healthcare. 2021; 9(6):727. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9060727
Chicago/Turabian StyleJeon, Jaehee, and Seunghye Choi. 2021. "Factors Influencing Patient-Centeredness among Korean Nursing Students: Empathy and Communication Self-Efficacy" Healthcare 9, no. 6: 727. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9060727