Association between Teenage Pregnancy and Family Factors: An Analysis of the Philippine National Demographic and Health Survey 2017
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data Preparation
2.2. Outcome Variable
2.3. Exposure Variables
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of Teenage Pregnancy
3.2. Association between Teenage Pregnancy and Factors
3.3. Results from Multivariable Logistic Regression
4. Discussion
4.1. Relation of Family Factors on Teenage Pregnancy
4.2. SES and Teenage Pregnancy
4.3. Role of Age on Teenage Pregnancy
4.4. Counterintuitive Result about Knowledge of Contraception
Limitation
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Main Variable | Parent Structure |
---|---|
Family variable | |
Relationship to head Sex of household head Age of household head Number of household members Structure of adults in the household | |
Individual variable | |
Sociodemographic variable | Age Residence Religion Ethnicity Educational attainment Wealth quintiles Marital status Current working status Occupation |
Personal behavior factor | Media exposure Substance use |
Family planning factors | Knowledge of contraception Knowledge of condom Current use of contraception Type of contraception currently using Contraception ever used Preferable contraception method Future intention to use contraception Perception to parental consent for obtaining contraception Access to contraception information |
Sexual activities | Age of the first sexual intercourse Age of first birth Age of menarche onset Number of ideal children in the future |
Variable | N | (%) | Teenage Pregnancy | Crude OR (CI) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | (%) | |||||
Parent structure | ||||||
Both parents | 3364 | 66.09 | 138 | 31.87 | Reference | |
Single parent | 772 | 15.17 | 48 | 11.09 | 1.55 (1.10, 2.16) | 0.0111 * |
Neither parent | 954 | 18.74 | 247 | 57.04 | 8.17 (6.54, 10.23) | <0.001 *** |
NA | 30 | 0.59 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
Age | 2.22 (2.02, 2.44) | 0.001 *** | ||||
Residence | ||||||
Urban | 1702 | 33.24 | 123 | 28.41 | Reference | 0 |
Rural | 3418 | 66.76 | 310 | 71.59 | 1.28 (1.03, 1.60) | 0.0259 * |
Educational attainment (continuous) | 0.85 (0.81, 0.88) | <0.001 *** | ||||
Educational attainment (categorical) | ||||||
No education | 16 | 0.31 | 3 | 0.69 | Reference | |
Incomplete primary | 180 | 3.52 | 55 | 12.7 | 1.91 (0.59, 8.56) | 0.3286 |
Complete primary | 186 | 3.63 | 51 | 11.78 | 1.64 (0.50, 7.35) | 0.456 |
Incomplete secondary | 3660 | 71.48 | 183 | 42.26 | 0.23 (0.07, 1.00) | 0.0219 * |
Complete secondary | 292 | 5.7 | 97 | 22.4 | 2.16 (0.68, 9.56) | 0.2391 |
Higher education | 786 | 15.35 | 44 | 10.16 | 0.26 (0.08, 1.15) | 0.0392 * |
Wealth quintiles | ||||||
Poorest | 1210 | 23.63 | 167 | 38.57 | 1.77 (1.34, 2.34) | <0.001 *** |
Poorer | 1213 | 23.69 | 112 | 25.87 | 1.12 (0.84, 1.51) | 0.4482 |
Middle | 1010 | 19.73 | 84 | 19.4 | Reference | |
Richer | 894 | 17.46 | 44 | 10.16 | 0.57 (0.39, 0.83) | <0.0035 ** |
Richest | 793 | 15.49 | 26 | 6 | 0.37 (0.23, 0.58) | <0.001 *** |
Working status | ||||||
No | 4187 | 81.78 | 327 | 75.52 | Reference | |
In the past year | 343 | 6.7 | 51 | 11.78 | 2.06 (1.49, 2.81) | <0.001 *** |
Currently working | 571 | 11.15 | 52 | 12.01 | 1.18 (0.86, 1.59) | 0.283 |
Working, but on leave last 7 days | 19 | 0.37 | 3 | 0.69 | 2.21 (0.51, 6.69) | 0.209 |
Smoking tobacco | ||||||
FALSE | 5001 | 97.68 | 408 | 94.23 | Reference | |
TRUE | 119 | 2.32 | 25 | 5.77 | 2.99 (1.87, 4.63) | <0.001 *** |
Internet use | ||||||
Never | 834 | 16.29 | 124 | 28.64 | Reference | |
Yes, last 12 month | 4200 | 82.03 | 293 | 67.67 | 0.43 (0.34, 0.54) | <0.0001 *** |
Yes, before last 12 months | 86 | 1.68 | 16 | 3.7 | 1.31 (0.71, 2.27) | 0.36 |
Age of menarche onset | 1.11 (1.03, 1.19) | 0.009 ** | ||||
Knowledge of contraception | 1.17 (1.14, 1.20) | <0.001 *** | ||||
Number of household members | 1.04 (1.00 1, 1.08) | 0.0322 * | ||||
Age of household head | 0.96 (0.96, 0.97) | <0.001 *** |
Variable | Adjusted OR | (95% CI) |
---|---|---|
Parent structure | ||
Both parents | Reference | |
Single parent | 1.49 | (0.67, 3.31) |
Neither parent | 4.57 | (2.56, 8.15) |
Age | 2.17 | (1.91, 2.46) |
Educational attainment (categorical) | ||
No education | Reference | |
Incomplete primary | 2.22 | (0.38, 12.96) |
Complete primary | 1.88 | (0.32, 10.96) |
Incomplete secondary | 0.31 | (0.06, 1.74) |
Complete secondary | 0.81 | (0.14, 4.62) |
Higher education | 0.08 | (0.01, 0.49) |
Wealth quintiles | ||
Poorest | 0.93 | (0.55, 1.58) |
Poorer | 0.89 | (0.52, 1.51) |
Middle | Reference | |
Richer | 0.71 | (0.38, 1.32) |
Richest | 0.4 | (0.18, 0.92) |
Knowledge of contraception | 1.27 | (1.22, 1.32) |
Number of household members | 1.14 | (1.09, 1.20) |
Interaction of wealth quintiles | ||
Single parent * poorest | 0.85 | (0.26, 2.74) |
Neither parent * poorest | 3.55 | (1.67, 7.55) |
Single parent * poorer | 1.01 | (0.34. 3.04) |
Neither parent * poorer | 1.74 | (0.80, 3.78) |
Single parent * richer | 2.63 | (0.82, 8.39) |
Neither parent * richer | 0.59 | (0.23, 1.55) |
Single parent * richest | 3 | (0.73, 12.24) |
Neither parent * richest | 0.37 | (0.12, 1.16) |
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Tabei, K.; Cuisia-Cruz, E.S.S.; Smith, C.; Seposo, X. Association between Teenage Pregnancy and Family Factors: An Analysis of the Philippine National Demographic and Health Survey 2017. Healthcare 2021, 9, 1720. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9121720
Tabei K, Cuisia-Cruz ESS, Smith C, Seposo X. Association between Teenage Pregnancy and Family Factors: An Analysis of the Philippine National Demographic and Health Survey 2017. Healthcare. 2021; 9(12):1720. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9121720
Chicago/Turabian StyleTabei, Kozue, Erlinda Susana S. Cuisia-Cruz, Chris Smith, and Xerxes Seposo. 2021. "Association between Teenage Pregnancy and Family Factors: An Analysis of the Philippine National Demographic and Health Survey 2017" Healthcare 9, no. 12: 1720. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9121720
APA StyleTabei, K., Cuisia-Cruz, E. S. S., Smith, C., & Seposo, X. (2021). Association between Teenage Pregnancy and Family Factors: An Analysis of the Philippine National Demographic and Health Survey 2017. Healthcare, 9(12), 1720. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9121720