Assessment of Pharmacists Prescribing Practices in Poland—A Descriptive Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Designed and Settings
2.2. Ethical Considerations
2.3. Data Collection
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Pharmacist Prescribing Rules | Before 31st March 2020 | After 1st April 2020 |
---|---|---|
Prescription type | Only the paper version was technically possible | The electronic prescription is preferred and made available. The paper version only in exceptional cases |
Reasons for issuing a prescription | Immediate health risk | Health risk |
Amount of medicine | The smallest, single registered packet of the given medicine | In the case of electronic prescriptions, the amount of medicine required for 180 days of therapy for the given dose |
Types of medicines | Prescription-only medicines except narcotics and psychotropic medication | Prescription-only medicines except narcotics and psychotropic medication |
Information needed on the prescription | The same as on the prescription issued by a physician, and the reason for dispensing the medicine | The same as on the prescription issued by a physician and the reason for dispensing the medicine |
Reimbursement | 0% | 0%, excluding prescriptions issued for the pharmacist himself/herself or his/her family members |
Location | Rural Area | City < 100,000 | City > 100,000 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Position | n | % | n | % | n |
Neighborhood of out-patient clinic or hospital | 59 | 52.7 | 134 | 35.7 | 107 |
Shopping center | 2 | 1.8 | 35 | 9.3 | 37 |
Residential area | 43 | 38.4 | 85 | 22.7 | 153 |
Town/city center | 8 | 7.1 | 121 | 32.3 | 58 |
Total | 112 | 100.0 | 375 | 100.0 | 355 |
Pharmacy Location | n | Mean | SD | CI −95.0% | CI +95.0% | Minimum | Maximum |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Neighborhood of out-patient clinic or hospital | 300 | 1.11 | 13.421 | −0.42 | 2.63 | 0.0 | 218.0 |
Shopping center | 74 | 1.42 | 7.503 | −0.32 | 3.16 | 0.0 | 53.0 |
Residential area | 281 | 3.48 | 30.094 | −0.05 | 7.01 | 0.0 | 431.0 |
Town/city center | 187 | 4.14 | 30.816 | −0.31 | 8.58 | 0.0 | 371.0 |
ATC Code | Total Pharmacist Prescribing 1 April–30 October | Percentage of Pharmacist’s Prescribing in the Month | ∑ [%] | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
April | May | June | July | August | September | October | |||
A | 2316 | 0.80 | 1.27 | 1.59 | 2.23 | 2.03 | 2.43 | 2.16 | 12.50 |
B | 859 | 0.32 | 0.51 | 0.58 | 0.83 | 0.86 | 0.87 | 0.65 | 4.64 |
C | 3436 | 1.10 | 2.02 | 2.36 | 2.95 | 3.37 | 3.93 | 2.81 | 18.54 |
D | 2057 | 0.82 | 1.21 | 1.55 | 1.93 | 1.77 | 2.09 | 1.73 | 11.10 |
G | 1948 | 0.78 | 0.94 | 1.33 | 1.51 | 1.86 | 2.48 | 1.62 | 10.51 |
H | 357 | 0.02 | 0.13 | 0.26 | 0.38 | 0.47 | 0.39 | 0.27 | 1.93 |
J | 1151 | 0.30 | 0.54 | 0.62 | 1.02 | 1.25 | 1.46 | 1.03 | 6.21 |
L | 22 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.12 |
M | 1348 | 0.52 | 0.89 | 0.91 | 0.91 | 1.47 | 1.51 | 1.08 | 7.28 |
N | 2121 | 0.60 | 1.16 | 1.62 | 1.93 | 2.16 | 2.57 | 1.40 | 11.45 |
P | 193 | 0.02 | 0.11 | 0.13 | 0.23 | 0.22 | 0.34 | 0.00 | 1.04 |
R | 1427 | 0.56 | 0.70 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.34 | 1.55 | 1.35 | 7.70 |
S | 1256 | 0.30 | 0.78 | 0.84 | 1.25 | 1.12 | 1.46 | 1.03 | 6.78 |
V | 38 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.00 | 0.21 |
∑ | 18,529 | 6.20 | 10.39 | 12.89 | 16.28 | 18.00 | 21.13 | 15.11 | 100.00 |
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Zimmermann, A.; Płaczek, J.; Wrzosek, N.; Owczarek, A. Assessment of Pharmacists Prescribing Practices in Poland—A Descriptive Study. Healthcare 2021, 9, 1505. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9111505
Zimmermann A, Płaczek J, Wrzosek N, Owczarek A. Assessment of Pharmacists Prescribing Practices in Poland—A Descriptive Study. Healthcare. 2021; 9(11):1505. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9111505
Chicago/Turabian StyleZimmermann, Agnieszka, Jakub Płaczek, Natalia Wrzosek, and Artur Owczarek. 2021. "Assessment of Pharmacists Prescribing Practices in Poland—A Descriptive Study" Healthcare 9, no. 11: 1505. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9111505