Incidence and Risk Factors for Notifiable Typhoid and Paratyphoid in Taiwan during the Period 2011–2020
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ethical Policy
2.2. Data Source
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | All Cases | Domestic Cases | Imported Cases | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 226 | % | n = 107 | % | n = 119 | % | |
Sex | ||||||
Male | 94 | 41.6 | 48 | 44.9 | 46 | 38.6 |
Female | 132 | 58.4 | 59 | 55.1 | 73 | 61.4 |
Age group | ||||||
<20 | 46 | 20.3 | 24 | 22.4 | 22 | 18.5 |
20–39 | 123 | 54.4 | 47 | 43.9 | 76 | 63.9 |
40–59 | 32 | 14.2 | 15 | 14.0 | 17 | 14.3 |
≥60 | 25 | 11.1 | 21 | 19.6 | 4 | 3.3 |
Year group | ||||||
2011–2015 | 148 | 65.5 | 84 | 78.5 | 64 | 53.8 |
2016–2020 | 78 | 34.5 | 23 | 21.5 | 55 | 46.2 |
Season | ||||||
Spring | 51 | 22.6 | 23 | 21.5 | 28 | 23.5 |
Summer | 51 | 22.6 | 19 | 17.8 | 32 | 26.9 |
Fall | 64 | 28.3 | 41 | 38.3 | 23 | 19.3 |
Winter | 60 | 26.5 | 24 | 22.4 | 36 | 30.3 |
Residency | ||||||
Northern | 155 | 68.6 | 76 | 71.0 | 79 | 66.4 |
Central | 27 | 11.9 | 10 | 9.3 | 17 | 14.3 |
Southern | 42 | 18.6 | 20 | 18.7 | 22 | 18.5 |
Eastern | 2 | 0.9 | 1 | 1.0 | 1 | 0.8 |
Variables | All Cases | Domestic Cases | Imported Cases | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 61 | % | n = 19 | % | n = 42 | % | |
Sex | ||||||
Male | 22 | 36.1 | 1 | 5.3 | 21 | 50 |
Female | 39 | 63.9 | 18 | 94.7 | 21 | 50 |
Age group | ||||||
<20 | 4 | 6.6 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 9.5 |
20–39 | 36 | 59.0 | 10 | 52.6 | 26 | 61.9 |
40–59 | 16 | 26.2 | 6 | 31.6 | 10 | 23.8 |
≥60 | 5 | 8.2 | 3 | 15.8 | 2 | 4.8 |
Year group | ||||||
2011–2015 | 34 | 55.7 | 11 | 57.9 | 23 | 54.8 |
2016–2020 | 27 | 44.3 | 8 | 42.1 | 19 | 45.2 |
Season | ||||||
Spring | 22 | 36.1 | 8 | 42.1 | 14 | 33.3 |
Summer | 20 | 32.8 | 7 | 36.8 | 13 | 31.0 |
Fall | 10 | 16.4 | 2 | 10.5 | 8 | 19.0 |
Winter | 9 | 14.7 | 2 | 10.5 | 7 | 16.7 |
Residency | ||||||
Northern | 39 | 63.9 | 12 | 63.2 | 27 | 64.3 |
Central | 15 | 24.6 | 5 | 26.3 | 10 | 23.8 |
Southern | 7 | 11.5 | 2 | 10.5 | 5 | 11.9 |
Eastern | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Variables | Typhoid Cases | Paratyphoid Cases | p | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 226 | % | n = 61 | % | ||
Sex | |||||
Male | 94 | 41.6 | 22 | 36.1 | 0.435 |
Female | 132 | 58.4 | 39 | 63.9 | |
Age group | |||||
<20 | 46 | 20.3 | 4 | 6.6 | 0.019 |
20–39 | 123 | 54.4 | 36 | 59.0 | |
40–59 | 32 | 14.2 | 16 | 26.2 | |
≥60 | 25 | 11.1 | 5 | 8.2 | |
Year group | |||||
2011–2015 | 148 | 65.5 | 34 | 55.7 | 0.161 |
2016–2020 | 78 | 34.5 | 27 | 44.3 | |
Season | |||||
Spring | 51 | 22.6 | 22 | 36.1 | 0.012 |
Summer | 51 | 22.6 | 20 | 32.8 | |
Fall | 64 | 28.3 | 10 | 16.4 | |
Winter | 60 | 26.5 | 9 | 14.7 | |
Residency | |||||
Northern | 155 | 68.6 | 39 | 63.9 | 0.061 |
Central | 27 | 11.9 | 15 | 24.6 | |
Southern | 42 | 18.6 | 7 | 11.5 | |
Eastern | 2 | 0.9 | 0 | 0 |
Country of Destination | No. Cases (%) | No. of Air Passengers (100,000) | RR |
---|---|---|---|
Typhoid | |||
China | 3 | 271.82 | Reference |
Indonesia | 58 | 17.27 | 304.30 |
India | 15 | 2.87 | 473.55 |
Myanmar | 14 | 0.94 | 1349.46 |
Philippines | 13 | 20.52 | 57.40 |
Malaysia | 3 | 40.53 | 6.71 |
Cambodia | 3 | 0.51 | 532.98 |
Paratyphoid | |||
China | 2 | 271.82 | Reference |
Indonesia | 15 | 17.27 | 118.05 |
India | 10 | 2.87 | 473.55 |
Cambodia | 7 | 0.51 | 1865.43 |
Myanmar | 3 | 0.94 | 433.76 |
Bangladesh | 2 | 0.10 | 2718.2 |
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Lin, F.-H.; Chen, B.-C.; Chou, Y.-C.; Hsieh, C.-J.; Yu, C.-P. Incidence and Risk Factors for Notifiable Typhoid and Paratyphoid in Taiwan during the Period 2011–2020. Healthcare 2021, 9, 1316. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9101316
Lin F-H, Chen B-C, Chou Y-C, Hsieh C-J, Yu C-P. Incidence and Risk Factors for Notifiable Typhoid and Paratyphoid in Taiwan during the Period 2011–2020. Healthcare. 2021; 9(10):1316. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9101316
Chicago/Turabian StyleLin, Fu-Huang, Bao-Chung Chen, Yu-Ching Chou, Chi-Jeng Hsieh, and Chia-Peng Yu. 2021. "Incidence and Risk Factors for Notifiable Typhoid and Paratyphoid in Taiwan during the Period 2011–2020" Healthcare 9, no. 10: 1316. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9101316