Factors Affecting Physical Activity Adherence in Male Office Workers Based on Self-Determination Theory: The Mediating Effects of Psychological Need Satisfaction and Autonomous Motivation
Abstract
1. Introduction
1.1. Background
1.2. Conceptual Framework
1.2.1. Hypothesis with Psychological Need Satisfaction in Physical Activity as an Endogenous Variable
1.2.2. Hypothesis with Autonomous Motivation as an Endogenous Variable
1.2.3. Hypothesis with Physical Activity Adherence as an Endogenous Variable
2. Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Measurements
2.2.1. Physical Activity Adherence
2.2.2. Autonomous Motivation
2.2.3. Psychological Need Satisfaction in Physical Activity
2.2.4. Autonomy Support
2.2.5. Perceived Physical Activity Barriers
2.3. Data Collection
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Differences in Physical Activity Adherence by General Characteristics of Participants
3.2. Descriptive Statistics and Convergent Validity of Variables
3.3. Direct, Indirect, and Total Effects of the Hypothetical Model
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | Categories | n (%) | Physical Activity Adherence | |
---|---|---|---|---|
M ± SD | t/F (p) | |||
Age (year) | <30 | 27 (10.5) | 2.35 ± 0.37 | 0.88 (0.454) |
30~39 | 86 (33.5) | 2.23 ± 0.39 | ||
40–49 | 91 (15.4) | 2.26 ± 0.37 | ||
≥50 | 53 (20.6) | 2.30 ± 0.30 | ||
M ± SD | 40.85 ± 8.52 | |||
Marital status | Unmarried | 176 (68.5) | 2.28 ± 0.37 | −0.69 (0.493) |
Married | 81 (31.5) | 2.24 ± 0.36 | ||
Educational level † | High school a | 43 (16.7) | 2.19 ± 0.58 | 5.34 (0.005) |
College b | 56 (21.8) | 2.16 ± 0.36 | b < c | |
University c | 158 (61.5) | 2.32 ± 0.35 | ||
Having a chronic disease | Yes | 59 (23.0) | 2.26 ± 0.36 | −0.14 (0.886) |
No | 198 (77.0) | 2.27 ± 0.37 | ||
Subjective health status † | Poor a | 17 (6.6) | 2.01 ± 0.38 | 7.83 (0.001) |
Moderate b | 80 (31.1) | 2.20 ± 0.35 | a < c | |
Good c | 160 (62.3) | 2.33 ± 0.36 | ||
Total working experience | <10 | 110 (42.8) | 2.27 ± 0.37 | 0.93 (0.395) |
(years) | 10–19 | 80 (31.1) | 2.23 ± 0.40 | |
≥20 | 67 (26.1) | 2.31 ± 0.31 | ||
M ± SD | 12.39 ± 8.94 | |||
Amount of MVPA | 30–59 | 28 (34.6) | 2.21 ± 0.34 | 0.35 (0.705) |
(min/day) | 60–89 | 104 (32.3) | 2.27 ± 0.34 | |
≥90 | 125 (33.1) | 2.27 ± 0.39 | ||
M ± SD | 85.21 ± 37.96 | |||
Frequency of MVPA | 3 | 124 (48.2) | 2.21 ± 0.39 | −2.52 (0.012) |
(days/week) | 4–7 | 133 (51.8) | 2.32 ± 0.34 | |
M ± SD | 3.75 ± 1.23 | |||
Years of MVPA duration † | <3 a | 152 (59.2) | 2.18 ± 0.36 | 11.87 (<0.001) |
3–5 b | 36 (14.0) | 2.29 ± 0.31 | a < c | |
>5 c | 69 (26.8) | 2.43 ± 0.36 | ||
M ± SD | 4.17 ± 5.47 | |||
Physical activity adherence † | Adherence unlikely a | 115 (44.7) | - | - |
Adherence possible b | 113 (44.0) | - | - | |
Adherence likely c | 29 (11.3) | - | - |
Variables | Range | M ± SD | Skewness | Kurtosis | β | CR | AVE |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Perceived physical activity barriers | 1–4 | 1.69 ± 0.38 | 0.09 | 0.58 | - | - | - |
Autonomy support | 1–5 | 3.71 ± 0.62 | −0.45 | 0.12 | - | - | - |
Psychological need satisfaction in physical activity | 1–6 | 4.64 ± 0.74 | −0.74 | 0.92 | - | 0.84 | 0.63 |
Autonomy | 4.88 ± 0.75 | −0.98 | 1.86 | 0.63 | - | - | |
Competence | 4.40 ± 1.01 | −0.62 | 0.17 | 0.81 | - | - | |
Relatedness | 4.65 ± 0.87 | −1.03 | 2.08 | 0.81 | - | - | |
Autonomous motivation | 0–4 | 3.20 ± 0.56 | −0.78 | 0.99 | - | - | - |
Physical activity adherence | 12–36 | 27.19 ± 4.39 | −0.19 | −0.30 | - | 0.95 | 0.87 |
Predisposing | 9.43 ± 1.84 | −0.26 | −0.58 | 0.84 | - | - | |
Enabling | 9.11 ± 1.77 | −0.05 | −0.75 | 0.79 | - | - | |
Reinforcing | 8.28 ± 1.82 | −0.02 | −0.30 | 0.66 | - | - |
Endogenous Variables | Exogeneous Variables | Parameter Statistics | Direct Effect | Indirect Effect | Total Effect | SMC | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SE | C.R. | β (p) | β (p) | β (p) | |||
Psychological need satisfaction in physical activity | Autonomy support | 0.44 | 6.67 | 0.44 (<0.001) | - | 0.44 (<0.001) | 0.46 |
Perceived physical activity barriers | −0.42 | −6.45 | −0.42 (<0.001) | - | −0.42 (<0.001) | ||
Autonomous motivation | Autonomy support | 0.01 | 0.18 | 0.01 (0.861) | 0.29 (0.011) | 0.30 (0.007) | 0.51 |
Perceived physical activity barriers | −0.09 | −1.58 | −0.09 (0.115) | −0.28 (0.005) | −0.37 (0.007) | ||
Psychological need satisfaction in physical activity | 0.66 | 7.02 | 0.66 (<0.001) | 0.66 (<0.001) | |||
Physical activity adherence | Autonomy support | 0.03 | 0.39 | 0.03 (0.695) | 0.33 (0.005) | 0.36 (0.011) | 0.62 |
Perceived physical activity barriers | 0.02 | −0.35 | 0.02 (0.723) | −0.34 (0.002) | −0.32 (0.014) | ||
Psychological need satisfaction in physical activity | 0.52 | 4.35 | 0.52 (<0.001) | 0.22 (0.004) | 0.74 (0.005) | ||
Autonomous motivation | 0.33 | 3.93 | 0.33 (<0.001) | - | 0.33 (<0.001) |
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Han, S.; Ha, Y. Factors Affecting Physical Activity Adherence in Male Office Workers Based on Self-Determination Theory: The Mediating Effects of Psychological Need Satisfaction and Autonomous Motivation. Healthcare 2025, 13, 1852. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13151852
Han S, Ha Y. Factors Affecting Physical Activity Adherence in Male Office Workers Based on Self-Determination Theory: The Mediating Effects of Psychological Need Satisfaction and Autonomous Motivation. Healthcare. 2025; 13(15):1852. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13151852
Chicago/Turabian StyleHan, Sangmi, and Yeongmi Ha. 2025. "Factors Affecting Physical Activity Adherence in Male Office Workers Based on Self-Determination Theory: The Mediating Effects of Psychological Need Satisfaction and Autonomous Motivation" Healthcare 13, no. 15: 1852. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13151852
APA StyleHan, S., & Ha, Y. (2025). Factors Affecting Physical Activity Adherence in Male Office Workers Based on Self-Determination Theory: The Mediating Effects of Psychological Need Satisfaction and Autonomous Motivation. Healthcare, 13(15), 1852. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13151852