Factors Associated with Hospitalized Community-Acquired Pneumonia among Elderly Patients Receiving Home-Based Care
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ethical Considerations
2.2. Materials
2.2.1. Data Collection and Definition of Variables
2.2.2. Definition of Variables
2.3. Method
2.3.1. Data Design and Setting
2.3.2. Study Outcome
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Total | Non-P Group | P Group | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
(220) | (135) | (85) | ||
Gender | 0.004 a | |||
Female | 111 (50.5%) | 79 (58.5%) | 32 (37.6%) | |
Male | 109 (49.5%) | 56 (41.5%) | 53 (62.4%) | |
Age | 82.0 ± 11.1 | 81.8 ± 11.4 | 82.3 ± 10.7 | 0.846 b |
Primary diagnosis | ||||
Cancer | 71 (32.2%) | 52 (38.5%) | 19 (22.4%) | 0.017 a |
Lung | 11 (5.0%) | 11 (8.1%) | 0 (0) | 0.004 a |
Colon–rectal | 19 (8.6%) | 12 (8.9%) | 7 (8.2%) | 1.000 a |
Liver | 19 (8.6%) | 14 (10.4%) | 5 (5.9%) | 0.327 a |
Others | 22 (10.0%) | 15 (11.1%) | 7 (8.2%) | 0.645 a |
COPD | 13 (5.9%) | 7 (5.2%) | 6 (7.1%) | 0.570 a |
Dementia | 52 (23.6%) | 37 (27.4%) | 15 (17.6%) | 0.106 a |
Parkinsonism | 8 (3.6%) | 1 (0.7%) | 7 (8.2%.) | 0.006 a |
Stroke | 54 (24.5%) | 28 (20.7%) | 26 (30.6%) | 0.109 a |
ESRD | 12 (5.5%) | 5 (3.7%) | 7 (8.2%) | 0.221 a |
CHF | 10 (4.5%) | 5 (3.7%) | 5 (5.9%) | 0.514 a |
Clinical symptoms/signs | ||||
Unconsciousness | 104 (47.3%) | 64 (47.4%) | 40 (47.1%) | 1 a |
Fever | 49 (22.3%) | 29 (21.5%) | 20 (23.5%) | 0.594 a |
Dyspnea | 40 (18.2%) | 23 (17.0%) | 17 (20.0%) | 0.594 a |
Nausea/vomiting | 16 (7.3%) | 13 (9.7%) | 3 (3.5%) | 0.112 a |
Respiratory rate, time/min | 19.0 ± 5.1 | 18.9 ± 6.2 | 18.9 ± 2.75 | 0.218 b |
SBP, mmHg | 126.7 ± 20.5 | 126.6 ± 20.9 | 126.9 ± 19.8 | 0.932 c |
DBP, mmHg | 71.6 ± 12.5 | 73.2 ± 12.5 | 69.0 ± 12.1 | 0.015 c |
Heart rate, beat/min | 84.5 ± 17.9 | 84.8 ± 18.3 | 84.1 ± 17.4 | 0.814 c |
NG tube | 146 (66.4%) | 74 (54.8%) | 72 (84.7%) | <0.001 a |
Urinary catheter | 101 (45.9%) | 63 (46.7%) | 38 (44.7%) | 0.783 a |
Medications | ||||
PPIs | 32 (14.5%) | 23 (17.0%) | 9 (10.6%) | 0.239 a |
H2 blocker | 67 (30.5%) | 40 (29.6%) | 27 (31.8%) | 0.765 a |
Gastroprokinetic agents * | 53 (24.1%) | 37 (27.4%) | 16 (18.8%) | 0.195 a |
Days of hospitalization ** | 8.4 ± 9.2 | 5.1 ± 7.6 | 13.6 ± 9.2 | <0.001 c |
DNR | 165 (75.0%) | 95 (70.4%) | 70 (82.4%) | 0.968 a |
ICU | 12 (5.5%) | 7 (5.2%) | 5 (5.9%) | 1 a |
Hospice palliative care | 81 (36.8%) | 53 (39.3%) | 28 (32.9%) | 0.390 a |
Death in the hospital | 147 (66.8%) | 75 (55.6%) | 72 (84.7%) | <0.001 a |
Covariates | OR | Estimate | S.E. | Z Value | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male vs. female | 2.33 (1.34–4.08) | 0.85 | 0.28 | 2.99 | 0.003 |
Age | 1.00 (0.98–1.03) | 0.004 | 0.01 | 0.28 | 0.777 |
Primary diagnosis | |||||
Cancer | |||||
Colon–rectal | 0.92 (0.35–2.44) | −0.08 | 0.50 | −0.17 | 0.867 |
Liver | 0.54 (0.19–1.56) | −0.62 | 0.54 | −1.14 | 0.255 |
Others | 0.71 (0.28–1.84) | −0.33 | 0.48 | −0.69 | 0.490 |
COPD | 1.39 (0.45–4.28) | 0.33 | 0.57 | 0.52 | 0.567 |
Dementia | 0.57 (0.29–1.11) | −0.57 | 0.34 | −1.65 | 0.099 |
Parkinsonism | 12.1 (1.45–99.6) | 2.49 | 1.08 | 2.31 | 0.021 |
Stroke | 1.68 (0.90–3.13) | 0.52 | 0.32 | 1.64 | 0.100 |
ESRD | 2.33 (0.72–7.60) | 0.85 | 0.60 | 1.41 | 0.160 |
CHF | 1.63 (0.46–5.79) | 0.49 | 0.65 | 0.75 | 0.454 |
Clinical symptoms/signs | |||||
Unconsciousness | 0.99 (0.57–1.70) | −0.01 | 0.28 | −0.05 | 0.960 |
Fever | 1.12 (0.59–2.15) | 0.12 | 0.33 | 0.36 | 0.722 |
Dyspnea | 1.22 (0.61–2.44) | 0.20 | 0.35 | 0.55 | 0.579 |
Nausea/vomiting | 0.34 (0.09–1.23) | −1.08 | 0.66 | −1.64 | 0.101 |
Respiratory rate, time/min | 1.00 (0.95–1.05) | −0.00 | 0.03 | −0.05 | 0.963 |
SBP, mmHg | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.932 |
DBP, mmHg | 0.97 (0.95–0.99) | −0.03 | 0.01 | −2.40 | 0.016 |
Heart rate, beat/min | 1.00 (0.98–1.01) | −0.00 | 0.01 | −0.28 | 0.781 |
NG tube | 4.57 (2.31–9.02) | 1.52 | 0.35 | 4.37 | <0.001 |
Urinary catheter | 0.92 (0.54–1.59) | −0.08 | 0.28 | −0.28 | 0.776 |
Medications | |||||
PPIs | 0.58 (0.25–1.31) | −0.55 | 0.42 | −1.31 | 0.190 |
H2 blocker | 1.11 (0.61–1.99) | 0.10 | 0.30 | 0.34 | 0.738 |
Gastroprokinetic agents * | 0.61 (0.32–1.91) | −0.49 | 0.34 | −1.44 | 0.149 |
Days of hospitalization ** | 1.12 (1.09–1.16) | 0.11 | 0.02 | 6.15 | <0.001 |
DNR | 1.96 (1.01–3.84) | 0.68 | 0.34 | 1.98 | 0.048 |
ICU | 1.14 (0.35–3.72) | 0.13 | 0.60 | 0.22 | 0.825 |
Hospice palliative care | 0.76 (0.43–1.34) | −0.27 | 0.29 | −0.95 | 0.345 |
Death in the hospital | 4.43 (2.24–8.76) | 1.49 | 0.35 | 4.28 | <0.001 |
OR (95% C.I.) | Estimate | S.E. | Z Value | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male vs. female | 4.10 (1.95–8.60) | 1.41 | 0.38 | 3.73 | <0.001 |
NG tube | 8.85 (3.64–21.56) | 2.18 | 0.46 | 4.80 | <0.001 |
PPIs | 0.37 (0.13–1.02) | −1.00 | 0.52 | −1.92 | 0.0546 |
Admission days * | 1.13 (1.08–1.18) | 0.12 | 0.02 | 5.39 | <0.001 |
Died in hospital | 3.59 (1.51–8.55) | 1.28 | 0.44 | 2.89 | 0.004 |
intercept | 0.01 | −4.61 | 0.69 | −6.68 | <0.001 |
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Chiang, J.-K.; Kao, H.-H.; Kao, Y.-H. Factors Associated with Hospitalized Community-Acquired Pneumonia among Elderly Patients Receiving Home-Based Care. Healthcare 2024, 12, 443. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12040443
Chiang J-K, Kao H-H, Kao Y-H. Factors Associated with Hospitalized Community-Acquired Pneumonia among Elderly Patients Receiving Home-Based Care. Healthcare. 2024; 12(4):443. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12040443
Chicago/Turabian StyleChiang, Jui-Kun, Hsueh-Hsin Kao, and Yee-Hsin Kao. 2024. "Factors Associated with Hospitalized Community-Acquired Pneumonia among Elderly Patients Receiving Home-Based Care" Healthcare 12, no. 4: 443. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12040443
APA StyleChiang, J.-K., Kao, H.-H., & Kao, Y.-H. (2024). Factors Associated with Hospitalized Community-Acquired Pneumonia among Elderly Patients Receiving Home-Based Care. Healthcare, 12(4), 443. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12040443