Objectively Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour on Cardiovascular Risk and Health-Related Quality of Life in Adults: A Systematic Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Search Strategies
2.2. Eligibility Criteria and Selection of Studies
2.3. Data Extraction
2.4. Quality and Risk of Bias Assessment
3. Results
3.1. Data Search
3.2. Characteristics of Studies
Author, Year, Country | Sample Size (n Total; n ♂/n ♀) | Age (Years) (Mean ± SD; Range) | Study Design | Sedentary Behaviour/Physical Activity Assessment | Health Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) Assessment | Cardiovascular Risk Assessment | Main Outcomes | Main Goals | Main Results | Quality and Risk of Bias Assessment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Marín-Jiménez et al. [1] Spain Fitness League Against MENopause COst (FLAMENCO) project | 182 (182 ♀) | 52.6 ± 4.5 (45–60 y) | Cross-sectional study | Device: GT3X, Pensacola, FL; Days of wear: 9 days, but the first and the last was excluded from the analyses Minimum wear: Not applicable (N/A) Epochs: N/A Cut points: N/A Parameters evaluated: Sedentary time (ST), time in light, moderate, moderate-vigorous (MVPA), and vigorous physical activity (PA), total PA time per day and per week, bouted MVPA (period of 10 or more consecutive minutes (min) of duration in MVPA) and percentage of participants who met the international PA recommendations of at least 150 min of MVPA per week | Short-Form Health Survey 36 (SF-36) (score) | _________ | Weight, Height, body mass index (BMI), ST, PA and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) | To analyse the association of ST and PA with HRQoL in middle-aged women | Lower ST and greater light PA were associated with a better SF-36 emotional role (B: −0.03; 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.07 to −0.00; p = 0.02 and B: 0.04, 95% CI: 0.00–0.08; p = 0.01, respectively). Higher MVPA was associated with a better SF-36 physical function (B: 0.01, 95% CI: 0.00–0.02; p = 0.05) and SF-36 vitality (B: 0.02, 95% CI: 0.00–0.03; p = 0.01). Higher vigorous PA was associated with a better SF-36 physical function (B: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.0–0.66; p = 0.03), SF-36 bodily pain (B: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.02–1.25; p = 0.04), and the SF-36 physical component scale (B: 0.20, 95% CI: 0.00–0.39 p = 0.04). Higher total PA was associated with a better SF-36 emotional role (B: 0.03, 95% CI: 0.00–0.07: p = 0.02). | 9/12 (75%) |
2. Tigbe et al. [2] United Kingdom | 111 (96 ♂/15 ♀) | 39 ± 8 ♂/42 ± 9 ♀ (22 to 60 y) | Cross-sectional study | Device: ActivPAL monitor; Days of wear: 7 consecutive days; Minimum wear: three 24-h periods, including a non-work day Epochs: N/A Cut points: N/A Parameters evaluated: time spent stepping, standing and sitting/lying as well as steps, mean stepping rate and number of sit-to-stand transitions per day. | ________ | PROCAM (score) Presence of the metabolic syndrome using the following specific criteria | PA, weight, height, waist circumference and CHD risk | To examined the associations between CHD risk and time spent in objectively- measured postures (sitting, lying and standing) and of stepping | Higher 10-year PROCAM risk was significantly (p < 0.05) associated with ST adjusting for age, sex, Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD), family history of CHD, job type and shift worked. | 7/12 (58.3%) |
3. Niemelä et al. [3] Finland | 4582 (1916 ♂/2666 ♀) | (46–48 y) | Cross-sectional | Device: Polar Active, Polar Electro Oy, Kempele Finland; Days of wear: 14 days Minimum wear: 7 consecutive days with enough PA data (wear time ≥ 600 min/day), starting from the second measured day; Epochs: N/A Cut points: very light: 1–1.99 MET, light: 2–3.49 MET, moderate: 3.5–4.99 MET, vigorous: 5–7.99 MET, and vigorous+ ≥8 MET; MVPA was assessed as all activity at least 3.5 METs, while ST was assessed as the duration of very light activity Parameters evaluated: Daily averages of time spent in different activity levels; Total daily duration obtained in MVPA and ST bouts (at least 30 min of consecutive MET values between 1 and 2 METs). | ________ | Framingham risk model (percentage) | Height, weight, BMI, body fat percentage and visceral fat area, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels, Systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressures (DBP), PA, CVD risk, | To identify temporal patterns of continuously measured physical activity beneficial for cardiovascular health in a middle-aged group using cluster analysis and to study how the widely used 10-year CVD risk model is associated with different PA profiles. | Significant differences in CVD risk between clusters were found both in men (p = 0.028) and women (p < 0.001). The inactive cluster had higher CVD risk compared with the very active cluster in men (p < 0.05). In women, the inactive cluster had higher CVD risk compared to moderately active and very active clusters, and the evening active cluster had higher risk compared to the moderately active cluster (p < 0.05). | 8/12 (66.7%) |
4. Kobayashi Frisk et al. [4] Sweden | 812 (48% ♂/52% ♀) | 57.6 ± 4.4 (50–64 y) | Cross-sectional analysis | Device: ActiGraph GT3X and GT3X +, ActiGraph, LCC, Pensacola, FL, USA. Days of wear: 7 consecutive days Minimum wear: at least 600 min per day of wear time for at least 4 days Epochs: N/A Cut points: time spent sedentary (SED): 0–199 cpm, time spent in light intensity physical activity (LIPA): > 199 & < 2690 cpm, and time spend in moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA): ≥ 2690 cpm Parameters evaluated: Daily percentage of SED and MVPA, total volume of physical activity (mean cpm of wear time), bout of SED (at least 20 min of consecutive cpm values <199 with no allowance for interruption above the threshold), bout of MVPA (10 min consecutive ≥ 2690 cpm, with an allowance of up to 2 min below this threshold), percentages of SED and MVPA in the morning (06:00 to 12:00), afternoon (12:00 to 18:00) and evening (18:00 to 00:00) | ________ | SCORE2 (score) | Chronotype, Mid-sleep time, Subjective sleep quality, Habitual sleep duration, PA, SED, Estimation of the 10-year risk of frst-onset CVD, | To investigate the relationship between chronotype, objectively measured physical activity patterns, and 10-year frst-onset CVD risk assessed by the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation 2 (SCORE2) | Extreme evening chronotypes exhibited the most sedentary lifestyle and least MVPA (55.3 ± 10.2 and 5.3 ± 2.9% of wear-time, respectively). Extreme evening chronotype was associated with increased SCORE2 risk compared to extreme morning type independent of confounders (β = 0.45, SE = 0.21, p = 0.031). SED was a significant mediator of the relationship between chronotype and SCORE2. | 8/12 (66.7%) |
5. Kolt et al. [5] Australia WALK 2.0 randomised controlled trial | 504 (176 ♂/328 ♀) | 50.8 ±13.1 (18–65 y) | Cross-sectional | Device: ActiGraph GT3X activity monitor Days of wear: 7 consecutive days Minimum wear: 10 h of wear time on at least 5 days in the 7 day period. Epochs- 1 s Cut-points: MVPA—more than 1951 counts/min; Sedentary behaviour—less than 100 counts/min; Parameters evaluated: Daily measures of MVPA, sedentary behaviour, bouts (consecutive 10-min period) of MVPA, bouts of sedentary time and wear time. | 5-item ‘general health’ subscale of the RAND 36-Item Health Survey (RAND-36) (Score) | _________ | PA, Sedentary behaviour (SB), HRQoL | To examine the association of HRQoL with PA and sedentary behaviour, using both continuous duration (average daily minutes) and frequency measures (average daily number of bouts ≥10 min). | The duration measure (average daily minutes) of physical activity was positively related to general HRQoL (path coefficient = 0.294, p < 0.05) after adjusting for covariates of age, gender, BMI, level of education, and activity monitor wear time. In contrast, the physical activity bouts measure was negatively related to general HRQoL (path coefficient = −0.226, p < 0.05) after adjusting for covariates. The duration measure (average daily minutes) of sedentary behaviour was negatively related to general HRQoL (path coefficient = −0.217, p < 0.05) after adjusting for covariates of age, gender, BMI, level of education, and activity monitor wear time. | 8/12 (66.7%) |
3.3. Quality and Risk of Bias Assessment
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Santos, B.; Monteiro, D.; Silva, F.M.; Flores, G.; Bento, T.; Duarte-Mendes, P. Objectively Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour on Cardiovascular Risk and Health-Related Quality of Life in Adults: A Systematic Review. Healthcare 2024, 12, 1866. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12181866
Santos B, Monteiro D, Silva FM, Flores G, Bento T, Duarte-Mendes P. Objectively Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour on Cardiovascular Risk and Health-Related Quality of Life in Adults: A Systematic Review. Healthcare. 2024; 12(18):1866. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12181866
Chicago/Turabian StyleSantos, Beatriz, Diogo Monteiro, Fernanda M. Silva, Gonçalo Flores, Teresa Bento, and Pedro Duarte-Mendes. 2024. "Objectively Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour on Cardiovascular Risk and Health-Related Quality of Life in Adults: A Systematic Review" Healthcare 12, no. 18: 1866. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12181866
APA StyleSantos, B., Monteiro, D., Silva, F. M., Flores, G., Bento, T., & Duarte-Mendes, P. (2024). Objectively Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour on Cardiovascular Risk and Health-Related Quality of Life in Adults: A Systematic Review. Healthcare, 12(18), 1866. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12181866