The Prevalence and Associated Factors of Academic Stress among Medical Students of King Khalid University: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample Size and Sampling Technique
2.2. Study Tool and Data Collection
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Perceived Stress
3.2. Stressors
3.2.1. Academic-Related Stressors (Domain I)
3.2.2. Interpersonal- and Intrapersonal-Related Stressors (Domain II)
3.2.3. Teaching- and Learning-Related Stressors (Domain III)
3.2.4. Social-Related Stressors (Domain IV)
3.2.5. Drive- and Desire-Related Stressors (Domain V)
3.2.6. Group Activities-Related Stressors (Domain VI)
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No Stress N (%) | Mild Stress N (%) | Moderate Stress N (%) | High Stress N (%) | Severe Stress N (%) | Total Percentage of Stressed Students (Moderate–Severe) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Domain I | 1 (0.2) | 11 (2.6) | 111 (26.4) | 213 (50.4) | 86 (20.3) | 410 (97.1%) |
Domain II | 2 (0.5) | 59 (13.9) | 196 (46.4) | 136 (32.2) | 29 (6.9) | 361 (85.5%) |
Domain III | 0 (0) | 25 (5.9) | 113 (26.7) | 177 (41.9) | 107 (25.3) | 397 (93.9%) |
Domain IV | 9 (2.1) | 64 (15.1) | 176 (41.7) | 151 (35.7) | 22 (5.2) | 349 (82.7%) |
Domain V | 39 (9.2) | 105 (24.8) | 161 (38.1) | 89 (21) | 28 (6.6) | 278 (65.8%) |
Domain VI | 11 (2.6) | 38 (9) | 132 (31.2) | 133 (31.5) | 108 (25.6) | 373 (88.3%) |
Mean | 10 (2.4) | 50 (12) | 148 (35) | 150 (35.5) | 63 (15) | 361 (85.5%) |
Mean Score | |
---|---|
Domain I | 2.42 (High stress) |
Domain II | 1.86 (Moderate stress) |
Domain III | 2.45 (High stress) |
Domain IV | 1.89 (Moderate stress) |
Domain V | 1.59 (Moderate stress) |
Domain VI | 2.34 (High stress) |
Items | No/Low Stress N (%) | High Stress N (%) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | |||
Male | 48 (41.7) * | 67 (58.3) | 0.0001 |
Female | 75 (24.4) | 232 (75.6) * | |
Age | |||
<20 | 7 (12.5) | 49 (87.5) * | 0.007 |
20–25 | 106 (31) * | 236 (69) | |
>25 | 10 (41.7) * | 14 (58.3) | |
Academic Year | |||
First | 4 (11.8) | 30 (88.2) | 0.018 # |
Second | 14 (19.7) | 57 (80.3) | |
Third | 23 (28.4) | 58 (71.6) | |
Fourth | 15 (27.8) | 39 (72.2) | |
Fifth | 19 (34.5) | 36 (65.5) | |
Sixth | 45 (36.9) | 77 (63.1) | |
Internship | 3 (75) | 1 (25) | |
Graduated | 0 | 1 (100) | |
GPA | |||
<3 | 6 (54.5) | 5 (45.5) | 0.071 |
3–4 | 25 (23.4) | 82 (76.6) | |
>4–5 | 89 (30) | 208 (70) | |
Place of residence | |||
Inside Abha | 89 (34.9) * | 166 (65.1) | 0.001 |
Outside Abha | 34 (20.4) | 133 (79.6) * | |
Social condition | |||
Live with family | 105 (28.8) | 259 (71.2) | 0.733 |
Live without family | 18 (31) | 40 (69) | |
Marital status | 0 | ||
Single | 122 (30.4) | 279 (69.6) | 0.094 |
Married | 1(5.3) | 18 (94.7) | |
Divorced | 0 | 1 (100) | |
Widowed | 0 | 1 (100) | |
Do you have children | |||
Yes | 0 | 5 (100) | 0.149 |
No | 123 (29.5) | 294 (70.5) | |
Smoking status | |||
Smoker | 14 (36.8) | 24 (63.2) | 0.021 |
Non-smoker | 94 (26.6) | 259 (73.4) * | |
Ex-smoker | 15 (48.4) * | 16 (51.6) | |
Physical activity | |||
Yes | 52 (28.4) | 131(71.6) | 0.772 |
No | 71 (29.7) | 168 (70.3) | |
Physical activity (minutes/day) | |||
15–59 | 34 (30.4) | 78 (69.6) | 0.335 |
60–120 | 15 (25.9) | 43 (74.1) | |
>120 | 0 | 7 (100) |
Items | No/Low Stress N (%) | High Stress N (%) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | |||
Male | 54 (47) | 61 (53) * | 0.0001 |
Female | 203(66.1) * | 104 (33.9) | |
Age | |||
<20 | 25 (44.6) | 31 (55.4) * | 0.024 |
20–25 | 218 (63.7) * | 124 (36.3) | |
>25 | 14 (58.3) | 10 (41.7) | |
Academic Year | |||
First | 21 (61.8) | 13 (38.2) | 0.021 # |
Second | 36 (50.7) | 35 (49.3) | |
Third | 54 (66.7) | 27 (33.3) | |
Fourth | 25 (46.3) | 29 (53.7) | |
Fifth | 33 (60) | 22 (40) | |
Sixth | 84 (68.9) | 38 (31.1) | |
Internship | 4 (100) | 0 | |
Graduated | 0 | 1 (100) | |
GPA | |||
<3 | 8 (72.7) | 3 (27.3) | 0.358 |
3–4 | 70 (65.4) | 37 (34.6) | |
>4–5 | 175 (58.9) | 122 (41.1) | |
Place of residence | |||
Inside Abha | 151 (59.2) | 104 (40.8) | 0.381 |
Outside Abha | 106 (63.5) | 61 (36.5) | |
Social condition | |||
Live with family | 230 (63.2) * | 134 (36.8) | 0.016 |
Live without family | 27 (46.6) | 31 (53.4) * | |
Marital status | |||
Single | 243 (60.6) | 158 (39.4) | 0.446 |
Married | 13 (68.4) | 6 (31.6) | |
Divorced | 1 (100) | 0 | |
Widowed | 0 | 1 (100) | |
Do you have children | |||
Yes | 4 (80) | 1 (20) | 0.379 |
No | 253 (60.7) | 164 (39.3) | |
Smoking status | |||
Smoker | 17 (44.7) | 21 (55.3) | 0.012 # |
Non-smoker | 226 (64) | 127 (36) | |
Ex-smoker | 14 (45.2) | 17 (54.8) | |
Physical activity | |||
Yes | 109 (59.6) | 74 (40.4) | 0.622 |
No | 148 (61.9) | 91 (38.1) | |
Physical activity (minutes/day) | |||
15–59 | 71(63.4) | 41 (36.6) | 0.231 |
60–120 | 32 (55.2) | 26 (44.8) | |
>120 | 2 (28.6) | 5 (71.4) |
Items | No/Low Stress N (%) | High Stress N (%) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | |||
Male | 4 (3.5) | 111 (96.5) | 0.193 |
Female | 21 (6.8) | 286 (93.2) | |
Age | |||
<20 | 1 (1.8) | 55 (98.2) | 0.325 |
20–25 | 23 (6.7) | 319 (93.3) | |
>25 | 1 (4.2) | 23 (95.8) | |
Academic Year | |||
First | 0 | 34 (100) | 0.011 |
Second | 3 (4.2) | 68 (95.8) | |
Third | 0 | 81 (100) * | |
Fourth | 2 (3.7) | 52 (96.3) | |
Fifth | 6 (10.9) | 49 (89.1) | |
Sixth | 13 (10.7) | 109 (89.3) | |
Internship | 1 (25) * | 3 (75) | |
Graduated | 0 | 1 (100) | |
GPA | |||
<3 | 3 (27.3) * | 8 (72.7) | 0.008 |
3–4 | 5 (4.7) | 102 (95.3) * | |
>4–5 | 16 (5.4) | 281 (94.6) * | |
Place of residence | |||
Inside Abha | 16 (6.3) | 239 (93.7) | 0.706 |
Outside Abha | 9 (5.4) | 158 (94.6) | |
Social condition | |||
Live with family | 25 (6.9) * | 339 (93.1) | 0.04 |
Live without family | 0 | 58 (100) * | |
Marital status | |||
Single | 25 (6.2) | 376 (93.8) | 0.707 |
Married | 0 | 19 (100) | |
Divorced | 0 | 1 (100) | |
Widowed | 0 | 1 (100) | |
Do you have children | |||
Yes | 0 | 5 (100) | 0.572 |
No | 25 (6) | 392 (94) | |
Smoking status | |||
Smoker | 2 (5.3) | 36 (94.7) | 0.781 |
Non-smoker | 22 (6.2) | 331 (93.8) | |
Ex-smoker | 1 (3.2) | 30 (96.8) | |
Physical activity | |||
Yes | 10 (5.5) | 173 (94.5) | 0.726 |
No | 15 (6.3) | 224 (93.7) | |
Physical activity (minutes/day) | |||
15–59 | 10 (8.9) | 102 (91.1) | 0.115 |
60–120 | 0 | 58 (100) | |
>120 | 0 | 7 (100) |
Items | No/Low Stress N (%) | High Stress N (%) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | |||
Male | 6 (5.2) | 109 (94.8) * | 0.0001 |
Female | 67 (21.8) * | 240 (78.2) | |
Age | |||
<20 | 2 (3.6) | 54 (96.4) * | 0.005 |
20–25 | 69 (20.2)* | 27 (79.8) | |
>25 | 2 (8.3) | 22 (91.7) | |
Academic Year | |||
First | 1 (2.9) | 33 (97.1) * | 0.0001 |
Second | 7 (9.9) | 64 (90.1) * | |
Third | 6 (7.4) | 75 (92.6) * | |
Fourth | 4 (7.4) | 50 (92.6) * | |
Fifth | 8 (14.5) | 47 (85.5) | |
Sixth | 46 (37.7) * | 76 (62.3) | |
Internship | 1 (25) | 3 (75) | |
Graduated | 0 | 1 (100) | |
GPA | |||
<3 | 4 (36.4) | 7 (63.6) | 0.230 |
3–4 | 19 (17.8) | 88 (82.2) | |
>4–5 | 49 (16.5) | 248 (83.5) | |
Place of residence | |||
Inside Abha | 48 (18.8) | 207 (81.2) | 0.306 |
Outside Abha | 25 (15) | 142 (85) | |
Social condition | |||
Live with family | 71 (19.5) * | 293 (80.5) | 0.003 |
Live without family | 2 (3.4) | 56 (96.6) * | |
Marital status | |||
Single | 72 (18) | 329 (82) | 0.482 |
Married | 1 (5.3) | 18 (94.7) | |
Divorced | 0 | 1 (100) | |
Widowed | 0 | 1 (100) | |
Do you have children | |||
Yes | 0 | 5 (100) | 0.304 |
No | 73 (17.5) | 344 (82.5) | |
Smoking status | |||
Smoker | 1 (2.6) | 37 (97.4) * | 0.003 |
Non-smoker | 71 (20.1) * | 282 (79.9) | |
Ex-smoker | 1 (3.2) | 30 (96.8) | |
Physical activity | |||
Yes | 27 (14.8) | 156 (85.2) | 0.227 |
No | 46 (19.2) | 193 (80.8) | |
Physical activity (minutes/day) | |||
15–59 | 14 (12.5) | 98 (87.5) | 0.406 |
60–120 | 11 (19) | 47 (81) | |
>120 | 2 (28.6) | 5 (71.4) |
Items | No/Low Stress N (%) | High Stress N (%) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | |||
Male | 22 (19.1) | 93 (80.9) * | 0.0001 |
Female | 122 (39.7) * | 185 (60.3) | |
Age | |||
<20 | 9 (16.1) | 47 (83.9) * | 0.004 |
20–25 | 129 (37.7) * | 213 (62.3) | |
>25 | 6 (25) | 18 (75) | |
Academic Year | |||
First | 6 (17.6) | 28 (82.4) | 0.002 # |
Second | 15 (21.1) | 56 (78.9) | |
Third | 35 (43.2) | 46 (56.8) | |
Fourth | 16 (29.6) | 38 (70.4) | |
Fifth | 16 (29.1) | 39 (70.9) | |
Sixth | 52 (42.6) | 70 (57.4) | |
Internship | 3 (75) | 1 (25) | |
Graduated | 1 (100) | 0 | |
GPA | |||
<3 | 4 (36.4) | 7 (63.6) | 0.414 |
3–4 | 31 (29) | 76 (71) | |
>4–5 | 107 (36) | 190 (64) | |
Place of residence | |||
Inside Abha | 88 (34.5) | 167 (65.5) | 0.836 |
Outside Abha | 56 (33.5) | 111 (66.5) | |
Social condition | |||
Live with family | 134 (36.8) * | 230 (63.2) | 0.004 |
Live without family | 10 (17.2) | 48 (82.8) * | |
Marital status | |||
Single | 141 (35.2) | 260 (64.8) | 0.254 |
Married | 3 (15.8) | 16 (84.2) | |
Divorced | 0 | 1 (100) | |
Widowed | 0 | 1 (100) | |
Do you have children | |||
Yes | 0 | 5 (100) | 0.105 |
No | 144 (34.5) | 273 (65.5) | |
Smoking status | |||
Smoker | 9 (23.7) | 29 (76.3) | 0.009 |
Non-smoker | 131 (37.1) * | 222 (62.9) | |
Ex-smoker | 4 (12.9) | 27 (87.1) * | |
Physical activity | |||
Yes | 57 (31.1) | 126 (68.9) | 0.259 |
No | 87 (36.4) | 152 (63.6) | |
Physical activity (minutes/day) | |||
15–59 | 39 (34.8) | 73 (65.2) | 0.440 |
60–120 | 16 (27.6) | 42 (72.4) | |
>120 | 1 (14.3) | 6 (85.7) |
Items | No/Low Stress N (%) | High Stress N (%) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | |||
Male | 9 (7.8) | 106 (92.2) | 0.137 |
Female | 40 (13) | 267 (87) | |
Age | |||
<20 | 0 | 56 (100) * | 0.014 |
20–25 | 46 (13.5) * | 296 (86.5) | |
>25 | 3 (12.5) * | 21 (87.5) | |
Academic Year | |||
First | 0 | 34 (100) | 0.003 # |
Second | 5 (7) | 66 (93) | |
Third | 5 (6.2) | 76 (93.8) | |
Fourth | 4 (7.4) | 50 (92.6) | |
Fifth | 8 (14.5) | 47 (85.5) | |
Sixth | 26 (21.3) | 96 (78.7) | |
Internship | 1 (25) | 3 (75) | |
Graduated | 0 | 1 (100) | |
GPA | |||
<3 | 4 (36.4) * | 7 (63.6) | 0.028 |
3–4 | 10 (9.3) | 97 (90.7) * | |
>4–5 | 34 (11.4) | 263 (88.6) * | |
Place of residence | |||
Inside Abha | 33 (12.9) | 222 (87.1) | 0.292 |
Outside Abha | 16 (9.6) | 151 (90.4) | |
Social condition | |||
Live with family | 46 (12.6) | 318 (87.4) | 0.099 |
Live without family | 3 (5.2) | 55 (94.8) | |
Marital status | |||
Single | 49 (12.2) | 352 (87.8) | 0.407 |
Married | 0 | 19 (100) | |
Divorced | 0 | 1 (100) | |
Widowed | 0 | 1 (100) | |
Do you have children | |||
Yes | 0 | 5 (100) | 0.415 |
No | 49 (11.8) | 386 (88.2) | |
Smoking status | |||
Smoker | 3 (7.9) | 35 (92.1) | 0.214 |
Non-smoker | 45 (12.7) | 308 (87.3) | |
Ex-smoker | 1 (3.2) | 30 (96.8) | |
Physical activity | |||
Yes | 22 (12) | 161 (88) | 0.818 |
No | 27 (11.3) | 212 (88.7) | |
Physical activity (minutes/day) | |||
15–59 | 17 (15.2) | 96 (84.8) | 0.408 |
60–120 | 5 (8.6) | 53 (91.4) | |
>120 | 0 | 7 (100) |
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Al-Shahrani, M.M.; Alasmri, B.S.; Al-Shahrani, R.M.; Al-Moalwi, N.M.; Al Qahtani, A.A.; Siddiqui, A.F. The Prevalence and Associated Factors of Academic Stress among Medical Students of King Khalid University: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare 2023, 11, 2029. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11142029
Al-Shahrani MM, Alasmri BS, Al-Shahrani RM, Al-Moalwi NM, Al Qahtani AA, Siddiqui AF. The Prevalence and Associated Factors of Academic Stress among Medical Students of King Khalid University: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare. 2023; 11(14):2029. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11142029
Chicago/Turabian StyleAl-Shahrani, Maram M., Bushra S. Alasmri, Reham M. Al-Shahrani, Najwa M. Al-Moalwi, Amar A. Al Qahtani, and Aesha F. Siddiqui. 2023. "The Prevalence and Associated Factors of Academic Stress among Medical Students of King Khalid University: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study" Healthcare 11, no. 14: 2029. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11142029
APA StyleAl-Shahrani, M. M., Alasmri, B. S., Al-Shahrani, R. M., Al-Moalwi, N. M., Al Qahtani, A. A., & Siddiqui, A. F. (2023). The Prevalence and Associated Factors of Academic Stress among Medical Students of King Khalid University: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare, 11(14), 2029. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11142029