Addictive Behaviors, Depression, and Quality of Life among Korean Fishermen
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Population
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Alcohol Dependence
2.2.2. Gambling Tendency
2.2.3. Depression
2.2.4. QoL
2.3. Data Collection Procedures
2.4. Statistical Analyses
2.5. Ethical Considerations
3. Results
3.1. Participants’ General Characteristics
3.2. Participants’ Alcohol Dependence, Gambling Tendencies, Depression, and QoL
3.3. Participants’ Alcohol Dependence, Gambling Tendencies, Depression, and QoL per Their General Characteristics
3.4. Relationship between Alcohol Dependence, Gambling Tendency, Depression, and QoL
3.5. QoL by Alcohol Dependence, Gambling Tendencies, and Depression
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | Categories | N (%) or M ± SD |
---|---|---|
Age (years) | 49 ± 9 | |
≤40 | 66 (16) | |
41–50 | 161 (40) | |
≥51 | 176 (44) | |
Sex | Male | 403 (100) |
Education | Up to 9 years | 140 (35) |
10 years or more | 263 (65) | |
Spouse | Yes | 324 (80) |
No | 79 (20) | |
Religious | Yes | 139 (34) |
No | 264 (66) | |
Job position | Captain | 178 (44) |
Engineer | 65 (16) | |
Crew | 160 (40) | |
Job satisfaction | Not satisfied | 242 (60) |
Satisfied | 161 (40) | |
Annual income (unit: KRW 10,000) | <2000 | 106 (26) |
2000–3000 | 169 (42) | |
>3000 | 128 (32) |
Variables | Categories | N (%) | M ± SD | Minimum | Maximum | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alcohol dependence | Low-risk drinking | 171 (42) | 2.82 ± 2.53 | 11.08 ± 9.41 | 0 | 40 |
Risky drinking | 119 (30) | 11.08 ± 2.16 | ||||
Alcohol abuse | 40 (10) | 17.23 ± 1.17 | ||||
Alcohol dependence | 73 (18) | 27.04 ± 5.45 | ||||
Gambling tendencies | Non-problem | 229 (57) | 0 | 2.57 ± 4.57 | 0 | 27 |
Low risk | 58 (14) | 1.38 ± 0.49 | ||||
Moderate risk | 61 (15) | 4.26 ± 1.20 | ||||
Problem gambling | 55 (14) | 12.67 ± 4.12 | ||||
Depression | Low | 218 (54) | 10.66 ± 3.10 | 15.89 ± 6.98 | 0 | 37 |
Mild | 84 (21) | 17.81 ± 1.41 | ||||
Severe | 101 (25) | 25.56 ± 4.03 | ||||
Quality of life | Physical | 12.83 ± 2.53 | 5.14 | 20 | ||
Psychological | 13.16 ± 2.60 | 6.67 | 20 | |||
Social | 12.30 ± 2.62 | 4.00 | 20 | |||
Environment | 11.93 ± 2.85 | 4.50 | 20 | |||
General | 12.40 ± 3.19 | 4.00 | 20 | |||
Mean score | 3.13 ± 0.56 | 1.35 | 4.96 |
Characteristics | Categories | Alcohol Dependence | Gambling Tendency | Depression | Quality of Life | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M ± SD | T or F (p) | M ± SD | T or F (p) | M ± SD | T or F (p) | M ± SD | T or F (p) | ||
Age (years) | ≤40 a | 10.14 ± 9.13 | 6.32 (0.002) (a, c < b) | 1.71 ± 3.25 | 5.52 (0.004) (a, c < b) | 15.61 ± 7.87 | 0.98 (0.378) | 3.24 ± 0.61 | 1.41 (0.247) |
41~50 b | 13.08 ± 10.36 | 3.48 ± 5.63 | 15.40 ± 6.96 | 3.11 ± 0.57 | |||||
≥51 c | 9.60 ± 8.26 | 2.07 ± 3.71 | 16.43 ± 6.64 | 3.12 ± 0.53 | |||||
Education | Up to 9 years | 9.44 ± 8.06 | −2.74 (0.006) | 2.34 ± 4.20 | −0.77 (0.444) | 16.27 ± 6.70 | 0.809 (0.411) | 3.09 ± 0.47 | −1.13 (0.260) |
≥10 years | 11.95 ± 9.96 | 2.70 ± 4.76 | 15.68 ± 7.13 | 3.15 ± 0.60 | |||||
Spouse | Yes | 10.88 ± 9.26 | −0.87 (0.387) | 2.59 ± 4.55 | 0.15 (0.885) | 15.69 ± 6.92 | −1.13 (0.258) | 3.14 ± 0.55 | 0.14 (0.889) |
No | 11.90 ± 10.03 | 2.51 ± 4.69 | 16.68 ± 7.22 | 3.13 ± 0.60 | |||||
Religious | Yes | 10.55 ± 8.58 | −0.086 (0.393) | 2.14 ± 4.01 | −1.48 (0.141) | 14.92 ± 6.16 | −2.13 (0.034) | 3.24 ± 0.59 | 2.72 (0.007) |
No | 11.36 ± 9.83 | 2.80 ± 4.83 | 16.39 ± 7.34 | 3.08 ± 0.54 | |||||
Job position | Captain a | 10.06 ± 8.53 | 1.95 (0.143) | 2.40 ± 4.23 | 3.40 (0.034) (b < c) | 15.03 ± 6.81 | 2.43 (0.089) | 3.21 ± 0.60 | 2.76 (0.065) |
Engineer b | 11.46 ± 9.83 | 1.51 ± 3.28 | 16.48 ± 6.04 | 3.10 ± 0.60 | |||||
Crew c | 12.05 ± 10.09 | 3.19 ± 5.26 | 16.60 ± 7.44 | 3.07 ± 0.19 | |||||
Job satisfaction | Satisfied | 9.55 ± 8.25 | 2.78 (0.006) | 1.83 ± 4.10 | 2.76 (0.006) | 13.77 ± 6.29 | 5.24 (<0.001) | 3.35 ± 0.60 | −6.46 (<0.001) |
Not satisfied | 12.09 ± 10.00 | 3.07 ± 4.80 | 17.29 ± 7.07 | 2.99 ± 0.48 | |||||
Annual income (unit: KRW 10,000) | <2000 a | 12.77 ± 9.43 | 2.73 (0.067) | 3.23 ± 5.05 | 1.87 (0.156) | 16.76 ± 7.75 | 3.01 (0.051) | 3.06 ± 0.57 | 2.79 (0.062) |
2–3000 b | 10.07 ± 9.26 | 2.14 ± 3.91 | 16.25 ± 6.66 | 3.11 ± 0.51 | |||||
>3000 c | 11.01 ± 9.47 | 2.61 ± 4.92 | 14.68 ± 6.61 | 3.22 ± 0.56 |
Variables | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
r (p) | |||||||||
1. QoL mean score | 1.00 | ||||||||
2. Physical QoL | 0.84 (<0.001) | 1.00 | |||||||
3. Psychological QoL | 0.84 (<0.001) | 0.67 (<0.001) | 1.00 | ||||||
4. Social QoL | 0.75 (<0.001) | 0.56 (<0.001) | 0.59 (<0.001) | 1.00 | |||||
5. Environment QoL | 0.86 (<0.001) | 0.56 (<0.001) | 0.55 (<0.001) | 0.59 (<0.001) | 1.00 | ||||
6. General QoL | 0.74 (<0.001) | 0.53 (<0.001) | 0.61 (<0.001) | 0.47 (<0.001) | 0.60 (<0.001) | 1.00 | |||
7. Depression | −0.43 (<0.001) | −0.48 (<0.001) | −0.49 (<0.001) | −0.29 (<0.001) | −0.20 (<0.001) | −0.36 (<0.001) | 1.00 | ||
8. Gambling tendency | −0.16 (0.002) | −0.23 (<0.001) | −0.14 (0.004) | −0.13 (0.009) | −0.04 (0.422) | −0.13 (0.010) | 0.30 (<0.001) | 1.00 | |
9. Alcohol dependence | −0.10 (0.042) | −0.18 (<0.001) | −0.21 (<0.001) | −0.03 (0.611) | 0.07 (0.163) | −0.11 (0.033) | 0.39 (<0.001) | 0.40 (<0.001) | 1.00 |
Quality of Life | Alcohol Dependence | F (p) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low-Risk Drinking a (n = 171) | Risky Drinking b (n = 119) | Alcohol Abuse c (n = 40) | Alcohol Dependence d (n = 73) | ||
Mean ± Standard Deviation | |||||
Physical | 13.16 ± 2.55 | 13.07 ± 2.41 | 12.39 ± 2.59 | 11.90 ± 2.45 | 5.16 (0.002) (a, b > d) |
Psychological | 13.60 ± 2.61 | 13.20 ± 2.61 | 13.18 ± 2.32 | 12.05 ± 2.43 | 6.34 (<0.001) (a, b, c > d) |
Social | 12.32 ± 2.47 | 12.37 ± 2.80 | 12.33 ± 2.47 | 12.11 ± 2.81 | 0.16 (0.923) |
Environment | 11.72 ± 2.95 | 11.96 ± 2.74 | 12.25 ± 2.55 | 12.21 ± 2.98 | 0.70 (0.554) |
General | 12.63 ± 3.08 | 12.24 ± 2.98 | 13.20 ± 3.50 | 11.70 ± 3.49 | 2.45 (0.063) |
Mean score | 3.17 ± 0.56 | 3.15 ± 0.55 | 3.15 ± 0.54 | 3.01 ± 0.57 | 1.52 (0.210) |
Quality of Life | Gambling Dependence | F (p) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non- Problem a (n = 229) | Low Risk b (n = 58) | Moderate Risk c (n = 61) | Problem Gambling d (n = 55) | ||
Mean ± Standard Deviation | |||||
Physical | 13.16 ± 2.46 | 13.31 ± 2.40 | 12.60 ± 2.71 | 11.19 ± 2.11 | 10.53 (<0.001) (a, b, c > d) |
Psychological | 13.40 ± 2.69 | 13.60 ± 2.55 | 12.80 ± 2.38 | 12.07 ± 2.18 | 4.96 (0.002) (a, b > d) |
Social | 12.53 ± 2.66 | 12.51 ± 2.37 | 11.98 ± 2.90 | 11.47 ± 2.23 | 2.90 (0.035) (a, b > d) |
Environment | 12.13 ± 2.91 | 11.80 ± 2.45 | 11.61 ± 3.13 | 11.58 ± 2.70 | 0.95 (0.418) |
General | 12.65 ± 3.18 | 12.62 ± 3.21 | 12.36 ± 3.15 | 11.20 ± 3.07 | 3.20 (0.023) (a, b, c > d) |
Mean score | 3.20 ± 0.57 | 3.19 ± 0.52 | 3.06 ± 0.59 | 2.89 ± 0.44 | 5.26 (0.001) (a, b, > d) |
Quality of Life | Depression | F (p) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Low a (n = 218) | Mild b (n = 84) | Severe c (n = 101) | ||
Mean ± Standard Deviation | ||||
Physical | 13.69 ± 2.50 | 12.36 ± 2.26 | 11.34 ± 1.99 | 37.16 (<0.001) (a > b > c) |
Psychological | 14.10 ± 2.53 | 12.57 ± 2.15 | 11.61 ± 2.19 | 41.24 (<0.001) (a > b > c) |
Social | 12.93 ± 2.60 | 11.59 ± 2.38 | 11.52 ± 2.53 | 14.74 (<0.001) (a > b, c) |
Environment | 12.36 ± 2.70 | 11.32 ± 2.87 | 11.53 ± 3.03 | 5.48 (0.004) (a > b, c) |
General | 13.16 ± 3.28 | 11.76 ± 3.03 | 11.31 ± 2.66 | 14.66 (<0.001) (a > b, c) |
Mean score | 3.31 ± 0.55 | 2.99 ± 0.50 | 2.87 ± 0.48 | 28.61 (<0.001) (a > b, c) |
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Hyun, M.Y.; Choi, S. Addictive Behaviors, Depression, and Quality of Life among Korean Fishermen. Healthcare 2023, 11, 1648. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11111648
Hyun MY, Choi S. Addictive Behaviors, Depression, and Quality of Life among Korean Fishermen. Healthcare. 2023; 11(11):1648. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11111648
Chicago/Turabian StyleHyun, Mi Yeul, and Suyoung Choi. 2023. "Addictive Behaviors, Depression, and Quality of Life among Korean Fishermen" Healthcare 11, no. 11: 1648. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11111648