Profiling Players Involved in Overkill: An Analysis of 71 Cases in Central Italy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Victims
3.2. Perpetrators
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
5.1. Profile of the Victim
5.2. Profile of the Perpetrator
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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The Homicide Injury Scale (HIS) | |
---|---|
1 | Single cause of death only: internal injuries only with no visible related external injuries (e.g., smothering, strangulation, ruptured organs resulting from blunt force trauma) |
2 | Single cause of death only: internal injuries only with minor related external injuries (e.g., smothered with related abrasions and/or contusions of mouth and face, strangled with related abrasions or ligature marks) |
3 | Single cause of death only: related external moderate to serious injuries not identified as either excessive or overkill |
4 | Two or more causes of death: related internal and/or external injuries not identified as either excessive or overkill |
5 | Single cause of death only: related external injuries identified as either excessive or overkill |
6 | Two or more causes of death: related internal and/or external injuries in at least one of the causes of death identified as either excessive or overkill |
VICTIMS | All Cases (N = 73) | Single Perpetrator (N = 43) | Multi- Perpetrator (N = 18) | Perpetrator Unidentified (N = 12) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sex (Female) | 18 (24.66%) | 16 (37.21%) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (16.66%) |
Age * | 44.59 | 47.70 | 34.56 | 47.55 |
(SD 18.55) | (SD 18.72) | (SD 11.13) | (SD 20.84) | |
Total number of wounds (average) * | 18.10 (SD 18.82) | 18.03 (SD 22.7) | 18.73 (SD 11.53) | 17.45 (SD 8.95) |
Charred body | 8 (10.96%) | 5 (11.63%) | 3 (16.66%) | 0 (0.0 %) |
Signs of a struggle * | 38 (52.05 %) | 19 (44.19%) | 13 (72.22%) | 6 (50%) |
Location of the wounds: | ||||
| 56 (77.71%) | 34 (79.07%) | 13 (72.22%) | 9 (75%) |
| 41 (56.16%) | 26 (60.46%) | 11 (61.11%) | 4 (33.33%) |
| 61 (83.56%) | 36 (83.72%) | 16 (88.88%) | 9 (75%) |
| 31 (42.46%) | 18 (41.86%) | 9 (50.00%) | 4 (33.33%) |
| 61 (83.56%) | 34 (79.07%) | 16 (88.88%) | 11 (91.6%) |
| 44 (60.27%) | 21 (48.84%) | 13 (72.22%) | 9 (75%) |
Site of body dump: | ||||
| 24 (32.87%) | 11(25.58%) | 8 (44.44%) | 5 (41.7%) |
| 7 (9.59%) | 6 (13.95%) | 1 (5.55%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| 26 (34.25%) | 18 (41.86%) | 4 (22.22%) | 4 (33.3%) |
| 15 (20.55%) | 8 (18.60%) | 5 (27.77%) | 2 (16.7%) |
| 1 (1.37%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (8.3%) |
Wounding means used: | ||||
| 13 (17.8%) | 8 (18.60%) | 1 (5.55%) | 4 (33.3%) |
| 24 (32.87%) | 14 (32.56%) | 7 (38.88%) | 3 (25%) |
| 12 | |||
| 6 | |||
| 3 | |||
| 1 | |||
| 1 | |||
| 1 | |||
| 27 (36.98%) | 20 (46.51%) | 5 (27.77%) | 2 (16.66%) |
| 9 (12.32%) | 1 (2.33%) | 5 (27.77%) | 3 (25%) |
Perpetrators | All Cases (N = 73) | Single Perpetrator (N = 43) | Multi- Perpetrator (N = 18) | Perpetrator Unidentified (N = 12) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sex (Male/Female) | 84 M / 6 F | 38 M / 3 F | 46 M / 3 F | - |
(SD 14.2:1) | (SD 12.6:1) | (SD 15.6:1) | ||
Age * | 34.9 | 39.92 | 30.0 | - |
(SD 14.2) | (SD 16.05) | (SD 9.97) | - | |
Relationship victim/perpetrator | ||||
| 7 (7.5%) | 7 (17.07%) | 0 (0.0%) | - |
| 17 (18.3%) | 10 (24.4%) | 7 (13.46%) | - |
| 3 (3.2%) | 3 (7.32%) | 0 (0.0%) | - |
| 40 (43%) | 16 (39.02%) | 24 (46.15%) | - |
| 17 (18.3%) | 4 (9.76%) | 13 (25%) | - |
Mafia | 4 (4.3%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (7.7%) | - |
Criminal clans | 2 (2.1%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (3.85%) | - |
Occasional customer | 1 (1.1%) | 1 (2.44%) | 0 (0.0%) | - |
| 9 (9.7%) | 1 (2.44%) | 8 (15.4%) | - |
Motive of the crime: | ||||
| 13 (14%) | 10 (24.4%) | 3 (5.7%) | - |
| 37 (39.8%) | 10 (24.4%) | 27 (52%) | - |
| 5 (5.4%) | 5 (12.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | - |
| 15 (16.1%) | 3 (7.3%) | 12 (23.1%) | - |
| 19 (20.4%) | 12 (29.3%) | 7 (13.5%) | - |
| 4 (4.3%) | 1 (2.4%) | 3 (5.7%) | - |
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Tavone, A.M.; Ceccobelli, G.; Piizzi, G.; Vella, R.; Giuga, G.; Cammarano, A.; Petroni, G.; Marella, G.L. Profiling Players Involved in Overkill: An Analysis of 71 Cases in Central Italy. Healthcare 2022, 10, 1873. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10101873
Tavone AM, Ceccobelli G, Piizzi G, Vella R, Giuga G, Cammarano A, Petroni G, Marella GL. Profiling Players Involved in Overkill: An Analysis of 71 Cases in Central Italy. Healthcare. 2022; 10(10):1873. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10101873
Chicago/Turabian StyleTavone, Alessandro Mauro, Giulia Ceccobelli, Giorgia Piizzi, Raimondo Vella, Gabriele Giuga, Andrea Cammarano, Giulia Petroni, and Gian Luca Marella. 2022. "Profiling Players Involved in Overkill: An Analysis of 71 Cases in Central Italy" Healthcare 10, no. 10: 1873. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10101873
APA StyleTavone, A. M., Ceccobelli, G., Piizzi, G., Vella, R., Giuga, G., Cammarano, A., Petroni, G., & Marella, G. L. (2022). Profiling Players Involved in Overkill: An Analysis of 71 Cases in Central Italy. Healthcare, 10(10), 1873. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10101873