Pregnancy, Mental Well-Being and Lockdown: A Nationwide Online Survey in France
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Screening and Recruitment
2.2. Measures and Definitions
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Main Findings
4.2. Strengths and Limitations
4.3. Interpretation
4.4. Research Recommendation
4.5. Practical Recommendation
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Pregnant (n = 275) | Non-Pregnant (n = 825) | p | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Age in years, n (%) | [18–25] | 13 (4.7) | 33 (4.0) | 0.809 |
[26–35] | 219 (79.6) | 670 (81.2) | ||
[36–45] | 43 (15.6) | 122 (14.8) | ||
Marital status, n (%) | Single | 7 (2.5) | 29 (3.5) | 0.736 |
Divorced or widowed | 1 (0.4) | 3 (0.4) | ||
In a relationship | 267 (97.1) | 793 (96.1) | ||
No. of people in household, n (%) | 1 | 18 (6.5) | 57 (6.9) | 0.945 |
≥2 | 257 (93.5) | 768 (93.1) | ||
Psychiatric (including addiction) history, n (%) | Ongoing | 16 (5.8) | 86 (10.4) | 0.065 |
Past | 30 (10.9) | 77 (9.3) | ||
No history | 229 (83.3) | 662 (80.2) | ||
Pandemic area, n (%) | High-risk | 144 (52.4) | 438 (53.1) | 0.889 |
Low-risk | 131 (47.6) | 387 (46.9) | ||
Parity, n (%) | Nulliparous | 161 (58.5) | 462 (56.0) | 0.505 |
Parous | 114 (41.5) | 363 (44.0) | ||
Educational level (ISCED 2011) *, n (%) | ≤3 | 21 (7.6) | 78 (9.5) | 0.603 |
4–6 | 80 (29.1) | 246 (29.8) | ||
≥7 | 174 (63.3) | 501 (60.7) | ||
WEMWBS total score (from 14 to 70) | Median (25–75th pctl) | 49.0 (43.0–54.0) | 49.0 (44.0–54.0) | 0.720 |
Work-related stress (from 0 to 10) ** | Median (25–75th pctl) | 5 (3–7) | 6 (3–7) | 0.141 |
Personal stress (from 0 to 10) | Median (25–75th pctl) | 5 (3–7) | 5 (3–7) | 0.845 |
Overall stress (from 0 to 10) | Median (25–75th pctl) | 5 (3–7) | 5 (4–7) | 0.117 |
Watches news > 1 h/day, n (%) | 76 (26.6) | 207 (25.1) | 0.449 | |
Sports/exercise > 30 min daily, n (%) | 69 (25.1) | 354 (42.9) | <0.001 | |
Sleep disorder, n (%) | 70 (25.5) | 210 (25.5) | >0.99 |
WEMWBS Scores | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Predictors | Median | Estimated β | CI | p | |
Age in years | [18–25] | 52 | Reference (0.00) | ||
[26–35] | 48 | −2.78 | −6.77 to 1.22 | 0.172 | |
[36–45] | 49 | −2.08 | −6.65 to 2.50 | 0.372 | |
Marital status | In a relationship | 49 | Reference (0.00) | ||
Divorced, or widowed | 41 | −3.03 | −16.90 to 10.85 | 0.668 | |
Single | 42 | −4.09 | −10.04 to 1.86 | 0.177 | |
Working during lockdown | At the workplace | 46.5 | Reference (0.00) | ||
Telecommuting | 51 | 2.79 | −3.02 to 8.60 | 0.345 | |
Mixed | 51.5 | 5.19 | −2.21 to 12.58 | 0.168 | |
Unemployed | 48 | 1.71 | −4.09 to 7.51 | 0.562 | |
Educational level (ISCED 2011) | ≤3 | 44 | Reference (0.00) | ||
4–6 | 48 | 0.64 | −2.71 to 3.98 | 0.709 | |
≥7 | 50 | 2.24 | −1.17 to 5.65 | 0.196 | |
Psychiatric (including addiction) history | No history | 49 | Reference (0.00) | ||
Past | 48 | −0.17 | −2.91 to 2.58 | 0.905 | |
Ongoing | 45 | −0.74 | −4.48 to 3.00 | 0.698 | |
Outdoor space | No | 46.5 | Reference (0.00) | ||
Yes | 49 | 2.52 | −0.01 to 5.04 | 0.051 | |
Housing location | Urban | 50 | Reference (0.00) | ||
Suburban | 47 | −2.41 | −4.52 to −0.29 | 0.026 | |
Rural | 48.5 | −0.70 | −2.85 to 1.45 | 0.521 | |
Living alone | No | 49 | Reference (0.00) | ||
Yes | 44.5 | −1.98 | −5.84 to 1.87 | 0.313 | |
Parity | Nulliparous | 50 | Reference (0.00) | ||
Parous | 48 | −0.26 | −2.05 to 1.53 | 0.775 | |
Pregnancy period | First and second trimester | 49 | Reference (0.00) | ||
Last three months | 48 | −0.17 | −2.05 to 1.71 | 0.858 | |
Watching news | ≤1 h | 50 | Reference (0.00) | ||
>1 h | 47 | −2.08 | −3.93 to −0.23 | 0.028 | |
Sports/exercise | ≤30 min daily | 48 | Reference (0.00) | ||
>30 min daily | 51 | 1.05 | −0.92 to 3.03 | 0.294 | |
Sleep disorder | No | 50 | Reference (0.00) | ||
Yes | 45.5 | −2.99 | −4.88 to −1.10 | 0.002 |
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Gaucher, L.; Barasinski, C.; Dupont, C.; Razurel, C.; Pichon, S.; Leavy, E.; Viaux-Savelon, S.; Cortet, M.; Franck, N.; Haesebaert, F.; et al. Pregnancy, Mental Well-Being and Lockdown: A Nationwide Online Survey in France. Healthcare 2022, 10, 1855. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10101855
Gaucher L, Barasinski C, Dupont C, Razurel C, Pichon S, Leavy E, Viaux-Savelon S, Cortet M, Franck N, Haesebaert F, et al. Pregnancy, Mental Well-Being and Lockdown: A Nationwide Online Survey in France. Healthcare. 2022; 10(10):1855. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10101855
Chicago/Turabian StyleGaucher, Laurent, Chloé Barasinski, Corinne Dupont, Chantal Razurel, Swann Pichon, Emma Leavy, Sylvie Viaux-Savelon, Marion Cortet, Nicolas Franck, Frédéric Haesebaert, and et al. 2022. "Pregnancy, Mental Well-Being and Lockdown: A Nationwide Online Survey in France" Healthcare 10, no. 10: 1855. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10101855