A Study on the COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors of Automobile Manufacturing Workers in South Korea
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Participants
2.3. Instruments
2.3.1. General Characteristics
2.3.2. COVID-19 Risk Perception
2.3.3. COVID-19 Crisis Communication
2.3.4. COVID-19 Health Literacy
2.3.5. COVID-19 Infection Prevention Behaviors
2.4. Data Collection
2.5. Ethical Considerations
2.6. Analysis Method
3. Results
3.1. Participant’s Characteristics
3.2. COVID-19 Risk Perception, Crisis Communication, Health Literacy, and Infection Prevention Behaviors
3.3. Differences in COVID-19 Risk Perception, Crisis Communication, Health Literacy, and Infection Prevention Behaviors According to the General Characteristics
3.4. Correlations among COVID-19 Risk Perception, Crisis Communication, Health Literacy, and Infection Prevention Behaviors
3.5. Influencing Factors of COVID-19 Infection Prevention Behaviors
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions and Recommendations
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | n | % | M ± SD | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | Male | 129 | 82.2 | |
Female | 28 | 17.8 | ||
Age (years) | 20–39 | 83 | 52.9 | 39.29 ± 11.27 |
≥40 | 74 | 47.1 | ||
Marital status | Single | 55 | 35.0 | |
Married | 102 | 65.0 | ||
Education level | High school | 61 | 38.9 | |
College | 85 | 54.1 | ||
Graduate school | 11 | 7.0 | ||
Employment type | Regular | 132 | 84.1 | |
Contract | 25 | 15.9 | ||
Period of employment at current job (years) | <5 | 51 | 32.5 | 12.45 ± 10.9 |
5–10 | 29 | 18.5 | ||
≥10 | 77 | 49.0 | ||
Subjective economic status | Upper | 8 | 5.1 | |
Middle | 132 | 84.1 | ||
Lower | 17 | 10.8 | ||
COVID-19 infection prevention education | Yes | 124 | 79.0 | |
No | 33 | 21.0 | ||
Source of COVID-19 information (more than one response possible) | Company | 86 | 54.8 | |
KDCA/health center | 58 | 36.9 | ||
Mass media | 115 | 73.2 | ||
Subjective health status | Healthy | 142 | 90.4 | |
Unhealthy | 15 | 9.6 | ||
Cohabiting with a family member with a chronic disease | Yes | 41 | 26.1 | |
No | 116 | 73.9 |
Variable | Possible Range | M ± SD | Skewness | Kurtosis |
---|---|---|---|---|
Risk perception | 1–5 | 3.43 ± 0.66 | −0.32 | 1.17 |
Crisis communication | 1–5 | 3.87 ± 0.64 | 0.04 | −0.10 |
Health literacy | 1–4 | 3.31 ± 0.40 | 0.05 | −1.02 |
Infection prevention behaviors | 1–5 | 4.17 ± 0.49 | −0.52 | 1.41 |
Items | M ± SD (Range 1~5) |
---|---|
1. Avoidance of private gathers | 4.13 ± 0.67 |
2. Avoidance of public transportation system | 4.28 ± 0.68 |
3. Avoidance of visiting crowded places | 4.08 ± 0.71 |
4. Avoidance of visiting COVID-19 outbreak area | 4.36 ± 0.79 |
5. Avoidance of visiting COVID-19 outbreak institution | 4.42 ± 0.73 |
6. Social distancing in daily life | 4.11 ± 0.66 |
7. Disinfection of areas frequently touched by hand | 3.3.73 ± 0.83 |
8. Ventilation | 3.3.82 ± 0.86 |
9. Use of hand sanitizer | 4.4.34 ± 0.66 |
10. Compliance with cough etiquette | 4.4.36 ± 0.64 |
11. Mask-wearing | 4.4.36 ± 0.62 |
12. Refrain from going outside if fever or respiratory symptoms are present | 4.4.30 ± 0.65 |
13. Not touching eyes or nose with unwashed hands | 3.3.97 ± 0.79 |
Total | 4.17 ± 0.49 |
Variable | n | Risk Perception | Crisis Communication | Health Literacy | Infection Prevention Behaviors | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M ± SD | t/F (p) | M ± SD | t/F (p) | M ± SD | t/F (p) | M ± SD | t/F (p) | |||
Sex | Male | 129 | 3.44 ± 0.68 | 0.68 (0.50) | 3.84 ± 0.63 | 0.66 (0.183) | 3.27 ± 0.39 | −3.30 (<0.001) ** | 4.16 ± 0.50 | −0.70 (0.487) |
Female | 28 | 3.36 ± 0.52 | 4.02 ± 0.65 | 3.54 ± 0.38 | 4.23 ± 0.48 | |||||
Age (years) | 20–39 a | 83 | 3.42 ± 0.61 | 0.57 (0.57) | 3.93 ± 0.67 | 0.82 (0.044) * b, a < c | 3.34 ± 0.42 | 1.61 (0.204) a, b < c | 4.14 ± 0.48 | 1.87 (0.157) |
40–59 b | 71 | 3.43 ± 0.70 | 3.89 ± 0.58 | 3.28 ± 0.38 | 4.20 ± 0.50 | |||||
≥60 c | 3 | 3.83 ± 0.76 | 3.83 ± 1.04 | 3.67 ± 0.58 | 4.67 ± 0.58 | |||||
Marital status | Single | 55 | 3.48 ± 0.57 | 0.68 (0.50) | 3.95 ± 0.65 | 1.19 (0.237) | 3.32 ± 0.42 | 0.11 (0.913) | 4.14 ± 0.50 | −0.66 (0.511) |
Married | 102 | 3.41 ± 0.70 | 3.83 ± 0.62 | 3.31 ± 0.39 | 4.19 ± 0.49 | |||||
Education level | High school a | 61 | 3.51 ± 0.69 | 1.02 (0.36) c < a | 3.67 ± 0.58 | 8.25 (<0.001) *** a < c | 3.19 ± 0.36 | 11.22 (<0.001) ** a < c | 4.11 ± 0.44 | 2.64 (0.075) |
College b | 85 | 3.41 ± 0.64 | 3.94 ± 0.64 | 3.36 ± 0.39 | 4.18 ± 0.52 | |||||
Graduate school | 11 | 3.22 ± 0.66 | 4.41 ± 0.54 | 3.74 ± 0.33 | 4.48 ± 0.51 | |||||
Employment type | Regular | 132 | 3.46 ± 0.67 | 1.11 (0.27) | 3.85 ± 0.63 | −0.92 (0.358) | 3.30 ± 0.40 | −1.56 (0.121) | 4.17 ± 0.50 | −0.55 (0.582) |
Contract | 25 | 3.30 ± 0.52 | 3.98 ± 0.67 | 3.43 ± 0.41 | 4.22 ± 0.47 | |||||
Period of employment at current job (years) | <5 a | 51 | 3.38 ± 0.46 | 0.26 (0.77) a < b, c | 3.97 ± 0.63 | 2.45 (0.090) | 3.35 ± 0.39 | 0.301 (0.741) | 4.07 ± 0.45 | 0.30 (0.045) * a < b |
5~10 b | 29 | 3.43 ± 0.87 | 4.00 ± 0.69 | 3.31 ± 0.48 | 4.36 ± 0.47 | |||||
≥10 c | 77 | 3.47 ± 0.68 | 3.76 ± 0.61 | 3.30 ± 0.38 | 4.18 ± 0.51 | |||||
Subjective economic status | Upper a | 8 | 3.31 ± 0.46 | 0.32 (0.73) | 4.57 ± 0.56 | 5.30 (0.006) * b, c < a | 3.79 ± 0.29 | 6.26 (0.002) ** c < b < a | 4.46 ± 0.52 | 1.45 (0.239) b, c < a |
Middle b | 132 | 3.42 ± 0.67 | 3.83 ± 0.61 | 3.29 ± 0.39 | 4.16 ± 0.49 | |||||
Lower c | 17 | 3.53 ± 0.62 | 3.88 ± 0.70 | 3.29 ± 0.39 | 4.15 ± 0.44 | |||||
COVID-19 infection prevention education | Yes | 124 | 3.41 ± 0.65 | −0.81 (0.14) | 3.97 ± 0.61 | 3.79 (<0.001) *** | 3.35 ± 0.40 | 2.18 (0.031) * | 4.15 ± 0.49 | −1.17 (0.025) * |
No | 33 | 3.52 ± 0.69 | 3.52 ± 0.61 | 3.18 ± 0.40 | 4.26 ± 0.49 | |||||
Source of COVID-19 information (more than one response possible) | Company | 86 | 3.36 ± 0.63 | −1.54 (0.13) | 4.00 ± 0.66 | 2.96 (0.004) ** | 3.37 ± 0.42 | 1.76 (0.078) | 4.22 ± 0.47 | 1.29 (0.198) |
KDCA/health center | 58 | 3.30 ± 0.71 | −1.94 (0.05) | 3.98 ± 0.64 | 1.67 (0.096) | 3.35 ± 0.42 | 0.895 (0.372) | 4.30 ± 0.42 | 2.45 (0.015) * | |
Mass media | 115 | 3.46 ± 0.64 | 0.88 (0.38) | 3.89 ± 0.63 | 0.47 (0.641) | 3.34 ± 0.38 | 1.26 (0.209) | 4.19 ± 0.50 | 0.61 (0.543) | |
Subjective health status | Healthy | 142 | 3.41 ± 0.67 | −1.25 (0.22) | 3.92 ± 0.63 | 2.88 (0.005) ** | 3.33 ± 0.41 | 0.88 (0.382) | 4.18 ± 0.50 | 0.26 (0.797) |
Unhealthy | 15 | 3.60 ± 0.52 | 3.43 ± 0.53 | 3.23 ± 0.31 | 4.14 ± 0.41 | |||||
Cohabiting with a family member with a chronic disease | Yes | 41 | 3.52 ± 0.58 | 2.17 (0.03) * | 3.91 ± 0.66 | 0.492 (0.624) | 3.31 ± 0.42 | −0.10 (0.92) | 4.24 ± 0.43 | 0.99 (0.323) |
No | 116 | 3.36 ± 0.67 | 3.86 ± 0.63 | 3.32 ± 0.40 | 4.15 ± 0.51 |
Variable | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
---|---|---|---|---|
r (p) | ||||
1. Risk perception | 1 | |||
2. Crisis communication | 0.163 (0.04) * | 1 | ||
3. Health literacy | 0.070 (0.41) | 0.529 (<0.001) *** | 1 | |
4. Infection prevention behaviors | 0.213 (0.007) *** | 0.374 (<0.001) *** | 0.423 (<0.001) *** | 1 |
Variable | B | t | SE | β | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(Constant) | 1.33 | 4.01 | 0.33 | <0.001 | |
Period of employment at current job [1] (years) | |||||
5–10 | 0.24 | 2.52 | 0.09 | 0.19 * | 0.01 |
≥10 | 0.08 | 1.11 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.27 |
COVID-19 prevention education [2] | |||||
Yes | 0.24 | 2.90 | 0.08 | 0.20 ** | 0.004 |
Source of information [3] | |||||
KDCA/health center | 0.18 | 2.60 | 0.07 | 0.17 * | 0.01 |
Risk perception | 0.07 | 3.20 | 0.02 | 0.22 ** | 0.002 |
Crisis communication | 0.16 | 2.52 | 0.06 | 0.21 * | 0.013 |
Health literacy | 0.38 | 4.07 | 0.09 | 0.31 ** | <0.001 |
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Kim, J.-H.; Song, H.-Y.; Park, J.-H.; Kang, P.; Lee, H.-J. A Study on the COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors of Automobile Manufacturing Workers in South Korea. Healthcare 2022, 10, 1826. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10101826
Kim J-H, Song H-Y, Park J-H, Kang P, Lee H-J. A Study on the COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors of Automobile Manufacturing Workers in South Korea. Healthcare. 2022; 10(10):1826. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10101826
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Ji-Hye, Hye-Young Song, Jin-Hee Park, Purum Kang, and Hyun-Ju Lee. 2022. "A Study on the COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors of Automobile Manufacturing Workers in South Korea" Healthcare 10, no. 10: 1826. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10101826