Nutritive Value Response of Native Warm-Season Forage Grasses to Harvest Intervals and Durations in Mixed Stands
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Chemical Composition of Forage Dry Matter
2.1.1. Crude Protein Concentration
Frequency | Harvested regrowth | p > Fα § | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th | ||
g·kg−1 DM | |||||
120 (2) ‡ | 42 E | ||||
90 (2) | 44 DE | ||||
60 (3) | 54 C | 52 CD | 0.54 | ||
40 (4) | 69a # AB | 64a B | 52b CD | <0.01 | |
30 (5) | 74a A | 67ab AB | 63b B | 47c CDE | <0.01 |
2.1.2. Across-Season Crude Protein Fluctuations
2.1.3. Forage Fiber Concentration
2.1.3.1. Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) Concentration
Interval (days) | June-September 2008 | June-September 2009 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th | p > Fα § | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th | p > Fα | |
g·kg−1 DM | g·kg−1 DM | |||||||||
NDF | ||||||||||
120 (2) | 670 ABC # | - | - | - | - | 710 A | - | - | - | - |
90 (2) | 650 C | - | - | - | - | 660 B | - | - | - | - |
60 (3) | 680a AB | 650b | - | - | <0.02 | 640b BC | 680a | - | - | <0.01 |
40 (4) | 660 BC | 650 | 630 | - | 0.33 | 630b BC | 660ab | 670a | - | <0.02 |
30 (5) | 690 A | 670 | 670 | 670 | 0.08 | 620b C | 670a | 670a | 660a | <0.03 |
ADF | ||||||||||
120 (2) | 360 | - | - | - | - | 400 A | - | - | - | - |
90 (2) | 360 | - | - | - | - | 360 B | - | - | - | - |
60 (3) | 370 | 360 | - | - | 0.41 | 340b BC | 370a | - | - | <0.01 |
40 (4) | 350 | 350 | 350 | - | 0.90 | 330c C | 350b | 370a | - | <0.01 |
30 (5) | 380 | 360 | 380 | 370 | 0.13 | 340b BC | 370a | 330b | 380a | <0.01 |
ADL | ||||||||||
120 (2) | 54 A | - | - | - | - | 52 A | - | - | - | - |
90 (2) | 53 A | - | - | - | - | 47 AB | - | - | - | - |
60 (3) | 51 AB | 58 | - | - | 0.19 | 37 C | 43 | - | - | 0.14 |
40 (4) | 37b C | 41b | 55a | - | <0.011 | 43a BC | 31b | 46a | - | <0.01 |
30 (5) | 42c BC | 48bc | 53b | 67a | <0.01 | 46 AB | 44 | 44 | 45 | 0.9 |
2.1.3.2. Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) Concentration
2.1.3.3. Acid Detergent Lignin (ADL) Concentration
2.2. Forage in Vitro Digestibility
2.2.1. Harvest Interval and DM Digestibility
Interval (days) | June–September 2008 | June–September 2009 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Harvest Timing | p > Fα § | Harvest Timing | p > Fα | |||||||
2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th | |||
g·kg−1 DM | g·kg−1 DM | |||||||||
DM | ||||||||||
120 (2) | 420 | - | - | - | - | 450 D # | - | - | - | - |
90 (2) | 470 | - | - | - | - | 530 C | - | - | - | - |
60 (3) | 460 | 480 | - | - | 0.48 | 580a †† BC | 490b | - | - | <0.01 |
40 (4) | 490 | 510 | 470 | - | 0.26 | 650a A | 570b | 480c | - | <0.01 |
30 (5) | 440 | 440 | 430 | 430 | 0.87 | 630a AB | 540b | 640a | 500b | <0.01 |
NDF | ||||||||||
120 (2) | 560 C | - | - | - | - | 550 D | - | - | - | - |
90 (2) | 600 BC | - | - | - | - | 650 C | - | - | - | - |
60 (3) | 620 AB | 620 | - | - | 0.93 | 680a BC | 600b | - | - | <0.01 |
40 (4) | 670a A | 650ab | 610c | - | 0.02 | 740a A | 670b | 590c | - | <0.01 |
30 (5) | 620 AB | 620 | 590 | 570 | 0.11 | 720a AB | 650b | 740a | 600b | <0.01 |
2.2.2. Harvest Timing and DM Digestibility
Interval (days) | LSR | SLA | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2008 | 2009 | 2008 | 2009 | |||||
Y108 ‡ | Y207 | Y109 | Y208 | Y108 | Y207 | Y109 | Y208 | |
cm−2·g−1 | ||||||||
Indiangrass | ||||||||
Control | - | - | 0.4b § | 0.4c | - | - | 98d | 98d |
120 (2) | 1.6 | 1.9 | 0.7b | 0.8bc | 109c | 102b | 101d | 110d |
90 (2) | 1.8 | 1.3 | 0.8b B | 1.4ab A | 107c | 100b | 108d | 110d |
60 (3) | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.5a | 1.4ab | 112c | 117b | 227c | 243c |
40 (4) | 2.1 | 2.1 | 1.4a B | 1.8a A | 137b | 150a | 403b | 368b |
30 (5) | 1.8 | 2.0 | 1.3a B | 1.9a A | 152a | 154a | 567a A | 529a B |
p > Fα# | 0.57 | 0.13 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
Little bluestem | ||||||||
Control | - | - | 0.4b | 0.4c | - | - | 118d | 118d |
120 (2) | 1.2 | 1.0 | 0.6b | 0.7bc | 132b | 134c | 119d | 128d |
90 (2) | 1.3 | 2.1 | 0.8b B | 1.2ab A | 133b | 136c | 131d | 156d |
60 (3) | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.2a B | 1.5a A | 162a | 156bc | 284c | 306c |
40 (4) | 1.7B | 1.9A | 1.3a | 1.2ab | 168a | 166ab | 475ab | 470b |
30 (5) | 1.9 | 2.3 | 1.4a | 1.5a | 162a | 194a | 732a A | 674a B |
p > Fα | 0.14 | 0.21 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
2.2.3. Harvest Interval on NDF Digestibility
2.2.4. Harvest Timing on NDF Digestibility
2.3. Species Tiller Leafiness
2.3.1. Tiller Leaf-to-Stem Ratio
2.3.2. Tiller Specific Leaf Area
3. Experimental Section
3.1. Study Location and Field Layout
3.2. Harvesting and Forage Sampling
3.3. Species Morphological Assessment
3.4. Forage Nutritive Value Assessment
3.5. Data Analyses
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
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Temu, V.W.; Rude, B.J.; Baldwin, B.S. Nutritive Value Response of Native Warm-Season Forage Grasses to Harvest Intervals and Durations in Mixed Stands. Plants 2014, 3, 266-283. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants3020266
Temu VW, Rude BJ, Baldwin BS. Nutritive Value Response of Native Warm-Season Forage Grasses to Harvest Intervals and Durations in Mixed Stands. Plants. 2014; 3(2):266-283. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants3020266
Chicago/Turabian StyleTemu, Vitalis W., Brian J. Rude, and Brian S. Baldwin. 2014. "Nutritive Value Response of Native Warm-Season Forage Grasses to Harvest Intervals and Durations in Mixed Stands" Plants 3, no. 2: 266-283. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants3020266