Decoding the Chemical Signatures and Sensory Profiles of Enshi Yulu: Insights from Diverse Tea Cultivars
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Sensory Traits of Enshi Yulu from Three Cultivars
2.2. Overall Chemical Profiles of Enshi Yulu
2.3. PLS-DA Analysis of Volatile Compounds for Discriminating Three Cultivars
2.4. Characteristic Volatile Composition Analysis
2.5. Differentiated Non-Volatile Components Analysis
2.6. Association between Characteristic Chemical Contributors and Sensory Traits
3. Discussion
3.1. Organoleptic Quality and Chemical Profiles of Enshi Yulu
3.2. Characteristic of the Three Tea Cultivars Processing Enshi Yulu
3.3. The Relationship between Sensory Attributes and Chemical Contributors
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Tea Sample Preparation
4.2. Reference Chemical Standards
4.3. Non-Volatile Components Determination
4.4. Extraction and Identification of Volatile Composition
4.5. Sensory Evaluation
4.6. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Compound | Odor | Categories | EY-L1 | EY-L2 | EY-L3 | EY-C1 | EY-C2 | EY-C3 | EY-Z1 | EY-Z2 | EY-Z3 | CAS | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Relative Content | ||||||||||||||
Clean and refreshing | D-Limonene | Citrus | Alkenes | / | / | / | 0.162 | 0.163 | 0.154 | 0.219 | 0.204 | 0.211 | 5989-27-5 | |
Hexahydrofarnesyl acetone | Floral | Ketones | / | / | / | 0.025 | 0.022 | 0.021 | 0.020 | 0.023 | 0.024 | 502-69-2 | ||
Hotrienol | Tropical | Alcohols | / | / | / | 0.037 | 0.028 | 0.030 | 0.038 | 0.035 | 0.031 | 29957-43-5 | ||
Nonanal | Aldehydic | Aldehydes | / | / | / | 0.091 | 0.111 | 0.096 | 0.116 | 0.171 | 0.147 | 124-19-6 | ||
(E)-3-Penten-2-one | / | Ketones | / | / | / | 0.011 | 0.012 | 0.013 | 0.013 | 0.015 | 0.019 | 3102-33-8 | ||
Pure | Benzyl alcohol | Floral | Alcohols | / | / | / | 0.201 | 0.223 | 0.183 | 0.104 | 0.101 | 0.099 | 100-51-6 | |
Dibutyl phthalate | Faint | Esters | 0.007 | 0.006 | 0.005 | 0.383 | 0.375 | 0.380 | 0.016 | 0.020 | 0.018 | 84-74-2 | ||
δ-Cadinene | / | Alkenes | / | / | / | 0.043 | 0.042 | 0.039 | / | / | / | 483-76-1 | ||
Muurolol | Herbal | Alcohols | / | / | / | 0.015 | 0.014 | 0.013 | / | / | / | 19435-97-3 | ||
Hexadecane | / | Alkanes | / | / | / | 0.013 | 0.014 | 0.012 | / | / | / | 544-76-3 | ||
3-Methylpentadecane | / | Alkanes | / | / | / | 0.011 | 0.009 | 0.011 | / | / | / | 2882-96-4 | ||
Tau-Cadinolacetate | / | Esters | / | / | / | 0.013 | 0.015 | 0.012 | / | / | / | 149197-48-8 | ||
1-Ethylpyrrole | Burnt | Aromatic heterocycles | / | / | / | 0.019 | 0.019 | 0.023 | / | / | / | 617-92-5 | ||
Dodecane | / | Alkanes | / | / | / | 0.029 | 0.022 | 0.025 | / | / | / | 112-40-3 | ||
β-Copaene | / | Alkenes | 0.009 | 0.007 | 0.008 | 0.015 | 0.017 | 0.017 | / | / | / | 18252-44-3 | ||
Chestnut | Hexadecanoic acid | Waxy | Acids | 0.377 | 0.373 | 0.373 | 0.082 | 0.105 | 0.070 | / | / | / | 57-10-3 | |
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-1,6,8-trimethyl naphthalene | / | Arenes | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.005 | / | / | / | / | / | / | 30316-36-0 | ||
Indole | Animal | Aromatic heterocycles | 0.019 | 0.021 | 0.021 | / | / | / | / | / | / | 120-72-9 | ||
Pyrrole | Nutty | Aromatic heterocycles | 0.011 | 0.011 | 0.010 | / | / | / | / | / | / | 109-97-7 | ||
β-Damascenone | Floral | Ketones | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.006 | / | / | / | / | / | / | 23726-93-4 | ||
1-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)1-ethanone | Musty | Ketones | 0.120 | 0.138 | 0.116 | / | / | / | / | / | / | 1072-83-9 | ||
3-Methylheptadecane | / | Alkanes | 0.006 | 0.005 | 0.005 | / | / | / | / | / | / | 6418-44-6 | ||
Epicubebol | / | Alcohols | 0.008 | 0.009 | 0.009 | / | / | / | / | / | / | 38230-60-3 | ||
Isomesityl oxide | Vegetable | Ketones | 0.004 | 0.005 | 0.005 | / | / | / | / | / | / | 673542 | ||
(4E)-4-Hexenyl hexanoate | / | Esters | 0.023 | 0.025 | 0.021 | 0.016 | 0.015 | 0.016 | 0.007 | 0.009 | 0.010 | / | ||
1-Dodecene, 2-ethyl- | / | Alkenes | 0.004 | 0.005 | 0.005 | / | / | / | / | / | / | 19780-34-8 | ||
1H-Cyclopropa[a]naphthalene, 1a,2,6,7,7a,7b-hexahydro-1,1,7,7a-tetramethyl- | / | Alkenes | 0.009 | 0.012 | 0.008 | / | / | / | / | / | / | 154098-14-3 | ||
Neric acid | Green | Acids | 0.014 | 0.018 | 0.020 | / | / | / | / | / | / | 4613-38-1 | ||
4-Hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone | / | Lactones | 0.027 | 0.036 | 0.040 | / | / | / | / | / | / | 541-57-1 | ||
1-epi-Cubenol | / | Alcohols | 0.009 | 0.013 | 0.009 | / | / | / | / | / | / | 19912-67-5 | ||
Oplopenone | / | Ketones | 0.007 | 0.009 | 0.006 | / | / | / | / | / | / | 28305-60-4 | ||
Isobutenyl methyl ketone | Vegetable | Ketones | 0.014 | 0.015 | 0.014 | 0.010 | 0.010 | 0.012 | 0.010 | 0.009 | 0.009 | 141-79-7 | ||
Cadina-1(10),4-diene | / | Alkenes | 0.021 | 0.024 | 0.025 | / | / | / | 0.010 | 0.009 | 0.008 | 16729-01-4 | ||
p-Menth-4-en-3-one | / | Ketones | 0.014 | 0.018 | 0.019 | / | / | / | 0.012 | 0.010 | 0.013 | 5113-66-6 | ||
Fresh | (E)-Nerolidol | Floral | Alcohols | 0.007 | 0.007 | 0.008 | 0.015 | 0.016 | 0.010 | 0.068 | 0.077 | 0.077 | 40716-66-3 | |
cis-Jasmone | Floral | Ketones | 0.027 | 0.029 | 0.031 | 0.032 | 0.034 | 0.035 | 0.058 | 0.062 | 0.063 | 488-10-8 | ||
2,4-di-t-Butylphenol | / | Phenols | / | / | / | / | / | / | 0.006 | 0.006 | 0.006 | 96-76-4 | ||
Methyl linolenate | Oily | Esters | / | / | / | / | / | / | 0.387 | 0.383 | 0.383 | 301-00-8 | ||
1-Propoxy-2-propanol | Mild Ether | Alcohols | / | / | / | / | / | / | 0.039 | 0.041 | 0.041 | 1569-01-3 | ||
Ionene | / | Arenes | / | / | / | / | / | / | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.004 | 475-03-6 | ||
Methyl palmitate | Waxy | Esters | / | / | / | / | / | / | 0.014 | 0.017 | 0.016 | 112-39-0 | ||
Benzyl cyanide | Aromatic | Nitriles | / | / | / | / | / | / | 0.022 | 0.022 | 0.017 | 140-29-4 | ||
β-Farnesene | Woody | Alkenes | / | / | / | / | / | / | 0.006 | 0.006 | 0.008 | 18794-84-8 | ||
Acetophenone | Floral | Ketones | / | / | / | / | / | / | 0.022 | 0.016 | 0.019 | 98-86-2 | ||
Geranic acid | Green | Acids | / | / | / | / | / | / | 0.019 | 0.021 | 0.025 | 459-80-3 | ||
Pentyl alcohol | Fermented | Alcohols | / | / | / | / | / | / | 0.035 | 0.034 | 0.045 | 71-41-0 | ||
cis-3-Hexenyl benzoate | Green | Esters | / | / | / | / | / | / | 0.008 | 0.006 | 0.007 | 25152-85-6 | ||
Isovaleronitrile | / | Nitriles | / | / | / | / | / | / | 0.017 | 0.025 | 0.019 | 625-28-5 | ||
n-Caproic acid vinyl ester | / | Esters | / | / | / | / | / | / | 0.008 | 0.006 | 0.005 | 3050-69-9 | ||
Methyl (3-oxo-2-[(2Z)-2-pentenyl]cyclopentyl)acetate | Floral | Esters | / | / | / | / | / | / | 0.011 | 0.007 | 0.010 | 42536-97-0 | ||
(E)-Linalool oxide (pyran) | / | Alcohols | 0.062 | 0.057 | 0.060 | / | / | / | 0.112 | 0.109 | 0.120 | 39028-58-5 | ||
Decanal | Aldehydic | Aldehydes | 0.006 | 0.005 | 0.006 | / | / | / | 0.004 | 0.004 | 0.005 | 112-31-2 | ||
Cyclohexyl ketone | Minty | Ketones | 0.010 | 0.010 | 0.008 | / | / | / | 0.016 | 0.020 | 0.019 | 119-60-8 | ||
(E)-Linalool oxide (furanoid) | Floral | Alcohols | 0.017 | 0.016 | 0.016 | / | / | / | 0.030 | 0.024 | 0.029 | 34995-77-2 | ||
2-Cyclopropylidene-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptane | / | Alkenes | 0.008 | 0.007 | 0.006 | / | / | / | 0.007 | 0.006 | 0.007 | / |
Compound | Categories | EY-L1 | EY-L2 | EY-L3 | EY-C1 | EY-C2 | EY-C3 | EY-Z1 | EY-Z2 | EY-Z3 | CAS | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Content (mg/g) | ||||||||||||
Mellow | L-Aspartic acid | Amino acids | 3.355 | 3.737 | 3.700 | 4.022 | 3.622 | 4.423 | 2.835 | 2.707 | 2.833 | 56-84-8 |
L-Asparagine | Amino acids | 1.342 | 1.359 | 1.325 | 2.461 | 2.202 | 2.719 | 0.814 | 0.784 | 0.800 | 70-47-3 | |
L-Tyrosine | Amino acids | 0.364 | 0.512 | 0.564 | 0.291 | 0.454 | 0.372 | 0.276 | 0.250 | 0.257 | 60-18-4 | |
L-Valine | Amino acids | 0.517 | 0.519 | 0.505 | 0.276 | 0.579 | 0.427 | 0.338 | 0.302 | 0.314 | 72-18-4 | |
EGC | Catechins | 32.634 | 23.338 | 28.698 | 44.391 | 46.860 | 41.922 | 22.465 | 22.162 | 19.816 | 970-74-1 | |
EC | Catechins | 5.672 | 5.072 | 6.045 | 7.989 | 8.335 | 7.644 | 4.951 | 4.846 | 4.312 | 490-46-0 | |
ECG | Catechins | 20.731 | 18.752 | 22.710 | 14.956 | 19.367 | 17.162 | 5.400 | 5.204 | 4.455 | 1257-08-5 | |
Astringent | Gallic acid | Acids | 0.854 | 1.054 | 1.247 | 0.864 | 1.215 | 1.188 | 1.855 | 1.859 | 1.690 | 149-91-7 |
Theobromine | Alkaloids | 2.454 | 3.406 | 4.016 | 2.720 | 3.540 | 3.175 | 7.887 | 7.990 | 7.266 | 83-67-0 | |
Kokumi | L-Methionine | Amino acids | 0.552 | 0.539 | 0.526 | 0.316 | 0.369 | 0.342 | 0.533 | 0.355 | 0.381 | 63-68-3 |
L-Lysine | Amino acids | 0.544 | 0.557 | 0.531 | 0.209 | 0.490 | 0.349 | 0.400 | 0.297 | 0.354 | 56-87-1 | |
GCG | Catechins | 4.676 | 4.259 | 5.094 | 3.451 | 3.746 | 3.467 | 3.827 | 3.913 | 3.543 | 4233-96-9 |
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Guo, Y.; Shen, Y.; Hu, B.; Ye, H.; Guo, H.; Chu, Q.; Chen, P. Decoding the Chemical Signatures and Sensory Profiles of Enshi Yulu: Insights from Diverse Tea Cultivars. Plants 2023, 12, 3707. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12213707
Guo Y, Shen Y, Hu B, Ye H, Guo H, Chu Q, Chen P. Decoding the Chemical Signatures and Sensory Profiles of Enshi Yulu: Insights from Diverse Tea Cultivars. Plants. 2023; 12(21):3707. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12213707
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuo, Yating, Yili Shen, Boya Hu, Huichun Ye, Haowei Guo, Qiang Chu, and Ping Chen. 2023. "Decoding the Chemical Signatures and Sensory Profiles of Enshi Yulu: Insights from Diverse Tea Cultivars" Plants 12, no. 21: 3707. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12213707