Allium pallasii and A. caricifolium—Surprisingly Diverse Old Steppe Species, Showing a Clear Geographical Barrier in the Area of Lake Zaysan
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Morphology and Distribution
2.2. Phylogenetic Analyses
2.2.1. Position of A. pallasii s.l. in the Third Evolution Line
2.2.2. Phylogeny of Allium pallasii s.l.
2.3. Cytology, Flowcytometry
2.4. Nomenclatural Remarks
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Morphological and Distribution Analyses
4.2. Taxon Sampling
4.3. DNA Extraction, Amplification and Sequencing
4.4. Phylogenetic Analyses
4.5. Cytology, Flowcytometry
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Accession | Art Name | Coordinates | Country | Voucher | rITS | trnQ-rps16 | rpl32trnL |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Am189 | Allium pallasii | 50°14′15″ N 87°57′34″ E | RU | OSBU: 18243 | OM891893 | ||
Am457 | Allium pallasii | 50°14′14″ N 87°48′40″ E | RU | OSBU: 22275 | OM891894 | OM983335 | OM983382 |
Am482 | Allium pallasii | 50°14′38″ N 87°53′48″ E | RU | OSBU: 23174 | OM891895 | ||
Am574 | Allium pallasii | 51°2′49″ N 81°2′16″ E | KZ | NS: 0012843 | OM891896 | ||
Am575 | Allium pallasii | 53°25′0″ N 77°57′0″ E | RU | NS: 0012841 | OM891897 | OM983336 | OM983383 |
Am576 | Allium pallasii | 45°58′30″ N 92°14′59″ E | MN | ALTB: Smirnov, 19 June 1999 | OM891898 | OM983337 | OM983384 |
Am577 | Allium pallasii | 47°55′60″ N 85°7′60″ E | KZ | ALTB: Smirnov, Antonjuk, 29 May 2000 | OM891899 | OM983338 | OM983385 |
Am579 | Allium pallasii x A. caricifolium | 49°45′59″ N 82°38′9″ E | KZ | ALTB: Smirnov, Antonyuk, 20 May 2000 | OM891900 | OM983339 | OM983386 |
Am588 | Allium pallasii | 52°4′48″ N 79°42′35″ E | RU | ALTB: Smirnov, 22 July 13 | OM891901 | OM983340 | OM983387 |
Am607 | Allium pallasii | 50°33′40″ N 79°35′14″ E | KZ | OSBU: 23346 | OM891902 | OM983341 | OM983388 |
Am609 | Allium pallasii | 49°54′58″ N 82°40′21″ E | KZ | TK: Prokopjev, 13 June 1982 | OM891903 | OM983342 | OM983389 |
Am610 | Allium pallasii | 47°28′57″ N 85°14′25″ E | KZ | TK: Schischkin, 3 June 1914 | OM891904 | ||
Am611 | Allium pallasii | 50°38′47″ N 79°16′5″ E | KZ | TK: Prokopjev et al., 1 June 1975 | OM891905 | ||
Am633 | Allium pallasii | 53°19′0″ N 75°34′60″ E | KZ | NS: 0015875 | OM891906 | OM983343 | OM983390 |
Am634 | Allium pallasii | 51°12′0″ N 78°10′60″ E | KZ | NS: 0015873 | OM891907 | OM983344 | OM983391 |
Am635 | Allium pallasii | 52°29′55″ N 73°5′38″ E | KZ | NS: 0015872 | OM891908 | OM983345 | OM983392 |
Am713 | Allium pallasii | 48°9′52″ N 82°54′23″ E | KZ | OSBU: 24384 | OM891909 | OM983346 | OM983393 |
Am775 | Allium pallasii | 48°40′45″ N 71°29′20″ E | KZ | OSBU: 24800 | OM891910 | OM983348 | OM983394 |
Am776 | Allium pallasii | 48°5′47″ N 69°57′58″ E | KZ | OSBU: 24841 | OM891911 | OM983349 | OM983395 |
Am777 | Allium pallasii | 48°6′4″ N 67°34′3″ E | KZ | OSBU: 24890 | OM891912 | OM983347 | OM983396 |
Am778 | Allium pallasii | 49°6′41″ N 66°59′48″ E | KZ | OSBU: 24875 | OM891913 | OM983350 | OM983397 |
Am779 | Allium pallasii | 48°6′4″ N 67°34′3″ E | KZ | OSBU: 24898 | OM891914 | OM983351 | OM983398 |
Am780 | Allium pallasii | 51°53′29″ N 77°3′51″ E | KZ | OSBU: 25000 | OM891915 | OM983352 | OM983399 |
Am781 | Allium pallasii | 48°33′43″ N 70°54′16″ E | KZ | OSBU: 24835 | OM891916 | OM983353 | OM983400 |
Am782 | Allium pallasii | 49°14′1″ N 73°3′58″ E | KZ | OSBU: 24770 | OM891917 | OM983354 | OM983401 |
Am786 | Allium pallasii | 50°11′54″ N 87°56′31″ E | RU | OSBU: 23556 | OM891918 | OM983355 | OM983402 |
Am823 | Allium pallasii | 47°48′46″ N 85°27′40″ E | KZ | ALTB: Starikov. 21 May 1990 | OM891919 | OM983356 | OM983403 |
Am1282 | Allium pallasii | 51°20′11″ N 70°5′25″ E | KZ | OSBU: 24956 | OM891920 | OM983357 | OM983404 |
Am1283 | Allium pallasii | 49°6′41″ N 66°59′48″ E | KZ | OSBU: 24765 | OM891921 | OM983358 | OM983405 |
Am1284 | Allium pallasii | 50°15′49″ N 66°59′32″ E | KZ | OSBU:24931 | OM891922 | OM983359 | OM983406 |
Am1285 | Allium pallasii | 51°41′58″ N 73°25′27″ E | KZ | OSBU: 28157 | OM891923 | OM983360 | OM983407 |
Am456 | Allium caricifolium | 47°52′6″ N 81°28′34″ E | KZ | ALTB: Kechaikin, 2 June 12 | OM891924 | OM983361 | OM983408 |
Am491 | Allium caricifolium | 47°55′60″ N 85°7′60″ E | KZ | OSBU: 22298 | OM891925 | OM983362 | OM983409 |
Am492 | Allium caricifolium | 47°25′53″ N 84°39′11″ E | KZ | OSBU: 22290 | OM891926 | OM983410 | |
Am493 | Allium caricifolium | 40°31′51″ N 72°47′11″ E | KG | GAT: 0017895 | OM891927 | ||
Am494 | Allium caricifolium | 40°16′23″ N 72°37′30″ E | KG | GAT: 0017900 | OM891928 | ||
Am553 | Allium caricifolium | 45°50′5″ N 81°19′56″ E | KZ | TK: Goloskokov, 18 June 1959 | OM891929 | OM983363 | OM983411 |
Am578 | Allium caricifolium | 49°45′59″ N 82°32′9″ E | ALTB: Kechaikin, Tjutjunic, 1 June 2012 | OM983364 | |||
Am580 | Allium caricifolium | 49°15′0″ N 81°45′0″ E | KZ | ALTB: Smirnov, Antonjuk, 18 May 2000 | OM891930 | OM983365 | OM983412 |
Am606 | Allium caricifolium x A.pallasii | 46°59′40″ N 73°26′60″ E | KZ | TK: Pavlov, 28 May 1951 | OM891931 | OM983366 | OM983413 |
Am608 | Allium caricifolium | 43°51′55″ N 74°8′19″ E | KZ | TK: Pavlov, 11 May 1951 | OM891932 | OM983367 | OM983414 |
Am686 | Allium caricifolium | 46°55′29″ N 80°36′52″ E | KZ | OSBU: 24335 | OM891933 | OM983368 | OM983415 |
Am692 | Allium caricifolium | 45°43′55″ N 80°31′33″ E | KZ | OSBU: 24340 | OM891934 | OM983369 | OM983416 |
Am705 | Allium caricifolium | 45°55′58″ N 80°36′31″ E | KZ | OSBU: 24368 | OM891935 | OM983370 | OM983417 |
Am708 | Allium caricifolium | 47°14′20″ N 80°43′6″ E | KZ | OSBU: 24370 | OM891936 | OM983371 | OM983418 |
Am718 | Allium caricifolium | 49°51′16″ N 82°25′26″ E | KZ | OSBU: 24390 | OM891937 | OM983372 | OM983419 |
Am1192 | Allium caricifolium | 45°39′37″ N 80°34′56″ E | KZ | OSBU: 24354 | OM891938 | OM983373 | OM983420 |
Am1246 | Allium caricifolium | 43°0′56″ N 74°42′19″ E | KG | OSN:2021-0746-W | OM891939 | OM983374 | OM983421 |
Am1274 | Allium caricifolium | 42°36′6″ N 75°53′39″ E | KG | GAT: 3060090 | OM891940 | OM983375 | OM983422 |
Am1275 | Allium caricifolium | 40°8′29″ N 72°21′47″ E | KG | GAT: 2543277 | OM891941 | OM983376 | OM983423 |
Am1280 | Allium caricifolium | 42°47′0″ N 74°32′53″ E | KG | FRU: Usulbaev A.K., 20 May 2019 | OM891942 | OM983377 | OM983424 |
Am1281 | Allium caricifolium | 47°34′42″ N 80°37′47″ E | KZ | OSBU: 24328 | OM891943 | OM983378 | OM983425 |
Am826 | Allium caesium | 48°3′22″ N 68°28′33″ E | KZ | OSBU: 24961 | OM891944 | OM983426 | |
Am683 | Allium caeruleum | 47°24′53″ N 80°34′56″ E | KZ | OSBU: 24332 | OM891945 | ||
Am473 | Allium delicatulum | 47°52′59″ N 81°28′34″ E | KZ | ALTB: Kechaikin, 2 June 2012 | OM891946 | ||
Am573 | Allium delicatulum | 51°44′13″ N 94°28′26″ E | RU | NS: 0014638 | OM891947 | ||
Am712 | Allium delicatulum | 47°55′39″ N 82°4′10″ E | KZ | OSBU: 24380 | OM891948 | OM983427 | |
Am749 | Allium zaissanicum | 48°49′11″ N 83°46′12″ E | KZ | OSBU: 23940 | OM891949 | ||
Am1243 | Allium moschatum | 46°47′22″ N 17°18′24″ E | HUN | OSN: 2019-0872-W | OM891950 | OM983429 | |
Am1245 | Allium flavum | 48°54′14″ N 21°57′56″ E | SVK | OSN:2004-0826-W | OM891951 | OM983379 | OM983428 |
Am1239 | Allium vineale | 48°17′16″ N 16°50′36″ E | A | OSBU: 17147 | OM891952 | ||
Am1244 | Allium paniculatum | 49°55′26″ N 42°25′22″ E | RU | OSN: 2018-1203-W | OM891953 | OM983380 | OM983430 |
Am881 | Allium praescisum | 52°29′48″ N 61°58′0″ E | KZ | OSBU: 25829 | OM891954 | OM983381 | OM983431 |
Am630 | Allium amphibolum | 49°17′14″ N 87°43′4″ E | RU | OSBU: 23610 | OM983432 | ||
Am875 | Allium lineare | 49°6′56″ N 72°40′59″ E | KZ | OSBU: 24823 | OM983433 | ||
Am848 | Allium strictum | 49°55′58″ N 14°8′31″ E | CZ | FRT 2015/62 | OM983434 | ||
Am1286 | Allium scabriscapum | 36°2′12″ N 51°12′10″ E | IR | GAT 19116 | OM983435 | ||
Am1240 | Allium kunthianum | 42°39′52″ N 44°37′0″ E | GEO | OSN: 2020-0819-W | OM983436 | ||
Am1241 | Allium oleraceum | 52°21′22″ N 14°10′12″ E | DE | OSN: 2016-0568-W | OM983437 |
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Character | A. pallasii | A. caricifolium |
---|---|---|
Scape length | 194.7 ± 55.3 (125–290) | 275 ± 63 (200–388) |
Pedicel length | 12.9 ± 3.7 (7.5–19) | 10.4 ± 1.6 (6.5–14) |
Tepals length | 2.9 ± 0.1 (2.1–3.3) | 3 ± 0.2 (2.0–4.0) |
The ratio of tepals length/pedicels length | 1.1 | 1.2 |
Length of filaments outside the tepals | 0.1 ± 0.1 (0) | 1 ± 0.1 (0.7–1.1) |
Filaments length in total | 2.9 ± 0.1 (2.6–3) | 4 ± 0.1 (3.8–4.3) |
The ratio filaments length outside the tepals/total length | 1.02 | 1.25 |
Carpel length | 2.8 ± 0.1 (2–3.3) | 3.9 ± 0.1 (2.9–4.6) |
Flowers per inflorescence | 36.8 ± 17.5 (22–75) | 52.8 ± 12.9 (37–66) |
Pair No. | TAL (µm) | RL % | LA (µm) | SA (µm) | Sat | CI % | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 6.6 ± 0.8 | 15.1 ± 0.2 | 3.5 ± 0.4 | 3.0 ± 0.5 | 0 | 46.3 ± 1.4 | m |
2 | 6.2 ± 0.7 | 14.3 ± 0.2 | 3.4 ± 0.3 | 2.9 ± 0.4 | 0 | 46.1 ± 2.0 | m |
3 | 5.9 ± 0.7 | 13.6 ± 0.2 | 3.4 ± 0.4 | 2.6 ± 0.4 | 0 | 43.4 ± 1.1 | m |
4 | 5.6 ± 0.9 | 12.9 ± 0.4 | 3.2 ± 0.5 | 2.4 ± 0.4 | 0 | 43.2 ± 1.1 | m |
5 | 5.4 ± 0.7 | 12.3 ± 0.1 | 3.1 ± 0.3 | 2.3 ± 0.5 | 0 | 42.8 ± 2.6 | m |
6 | 5.0 ± 0.6 | 11.5 ± 0.3 | 2.8 ± 0.2 | 2.2 ± 0.4 | 0 | 44.5 ± 2.4 | m |
7 | 4.7 ± 0.6 | 10.8 ± 0.1 | 2.7 ± 0.4 | 2.1 ± 0.3 | 0 | 43.8 ± 1.5 | m |
8 | 4.2 ± 0.6 | 9.6 ± 0.1 | 2.3 ± 0.2 | 1.9 ± 0.4 | 0 | 44.4 ± 2.6 | m |
Pair No. | TAL (µM) | RL % | LA (µM) | SA (µM) | Sat | CI % | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 7.2 ± 1.4 | 13.9 ± 2.5 | 4.3 ± 0.7 | 2.9 ± 0.9 | 0 | 40.7 ± 8.7 | m |
2 | 6.7 ± 1.2 | 13.1 ± 2.1 | 3.7 ± 0.6 | 3.0 ± 1.1 | 0 | 44.6 ± 11.4 | m |
3 | 6.6 ± 1.1 | 12.9 ± 1.9 | 3.9 ± 0.7 | 2.8 ± 0.5 | 0 | 41.6 ± 4.0 | m |
4 | 6.5 ± 0.3 | 12.5 ± 1.1 | 3.9 ± 0.3 | 2.5 ± 0.3 | 0 | 39.1 ± 4.5 | m |
5 | 6.4 ± 0.5 | 12.4 ± 0.9 | 3.7 ± 0.3 | 2.7 ± 0.5 | 0 | 41.9 ± 5.9 | m |
6 | 6.4 ± 0.8 | 12.4 ± 1.2 | 3.7 ± 0.4 | 1.8 ± 0.8 | 1 | 27.4 ± 8.1 | m |
7 | 5.9 ± 1.3 | 11.4 ± 2.0 | 3.4 ± 0.7 | 2.5 ± 0.6 | 0 | 42.4 ± 5.6 | m |
8 | 5.9 ± 1.0 | 11.4 ± 2.5 | 3.7 ± 0.7 | 2.2 ± 0.6 | 2 | 36.7 ± 7.6 | m |
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Friesen, N.; Grützmacher, L.; Skaptsov, M.; Vesselova, P.; Dorofeyev, V.; Luferov, A.N.; Turdumatova, N.; Lazkov, G.; Smirnov, S.V.; Shmakov, A.I.; et al. Allium pallasii and A. caricifolium—Surprisingly Diverse Old Steppe Species, Showing a Clear Geographical Barrier in the Area of Lake Zaysan. Plants 2022, 11, 1465. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11111465
Friesen N, Grützmacher L, Skaptsov M, Vesselova P, Dorofeyev V, Luferov AN, Turdumatova N, Lazkov G, Smirnov SV, Shmakov AI, et al. Allium pallasii and A. caricifolium—Surprisingly Diverse Old Steppe Species, Showing a Clear Geographical Barrier in the Area of Lake Zaysan. Plants. 2022; 11(11):1465. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11111465
Chicago/Turabian StyleFriesen, Nikolai, Lisa Grützmacher, Mikhail Skaptsov, Polina Vesselova, Vladimir Dorofeyev, Alexander N. Luferov, Nazgul Turdumatova, Georgii Lazkov, Sergei V. Smirnov, Alexander I. Shmakov, and et al. 2022. "Allium pallasii and A. caricifolium—Surprisingly Diverse Old Steppe Species, Showing a Clear Geographical Barrier in the Area of Lake Zaysan" Plants 11, no. 11: 1465. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11111465