Species Diversity of Pin Nematodes (Paratylenchus spp.) from Potato Growing Regions of Southern Alberta, Canada
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Description of Female Paratylenchus neoprojectus Wu and Hawn
2.1.1. Juveniles
2.1.2. Remarks
2.1.3. Habitat and Locality
2.2. Description of Female Paratylenchus tateae Wu and Townshend
2.2.1. Juveniles
2.2.2. Remarks
2.2.3. Habitat and Locality
2.3. Description of Female Paratylenchus enigmaticus sp. nov.
2.3.1. Juvenile
2.3.2. Diagnosis and Relationship
2.3.3. Remarks
2.3.4. Type Habitat and Locality
2.3.5. Etymology
2.3.6. Type Material
2.4. Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Paratylenchus Populations from Canada and Spain
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Isolation and Morphological/Morphometrical Studies
4.2. DNA Extraction, PCR and Sequencing
4.3. Phylogenetic Analyses
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Present Study | Wu & Hawn [26] | * Van den Berg et al. [28] | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characters | Females | Juveniles | Females | Females | Juveniles |
n | 11 | 4 | 76 | 17 | 4 |
Body length | 383.5 ± 36.7 (330.0–434.0) | 342.0 ± 19.6 (322.0–365.0) | 327–405 | 359 (300–415) | 339.5 (299–390) |
a | 24.0 ± 1.7 (21.0–26.0) | 22.3 ± 1.9 (20.5–24.3) | 18–26 | 22.1 (19.5–24.6) | 20.4 (17.7–22.9) |
b | 3.8 ± 0.3 (3.3–4.3) | 3.9 ± 0.3 (3.5–4.1) | 3.8–4.6 | 3.9 (3.5–4.4) | 4.1 (3.7–4.7) |
c | 14.6 ± 1.8 (12.1–18.5) | 12.8 ± 1.6 (11.0–15.0) | 14–16 | 15.3 (14–18.5) | 13.8 (12.3–18.9) |
c’ | 2.7 ± 0.2 (2.3–3.0) | 2.3 ± 0.3 (1.9–2.6) | - | 2.4 (2.0–2.8) | 2.2 (1.7–2.5) |
V | 84.4 ± 1.3 (82.0–85.8) | - | 82–85.7 | 84 (82.5–85) | - |
Stylet percentage | 7.0 ± 0.8 (5.8–8.3) | - | - | 8 (6.8–9.3) | - |
Lip height | 3.3 ± 0.4 (3.0–4.0) | - | - | 3.5 (3–4) | - |
Lip width | 6.4 ± 0.4 (6.0–7.0) | - | - | 7 (6.5–7.5) | - |
Stylet length | 25.3 ± 1.3 (25.0–29) | 13.3 ± 1.0 (12.0–14.0) | 28–31 | 28.5 (26–31) | 10 (3.5–14.5) |
Median bulb length | 23.4 ± 1.6 (21.0–25.0) | - | - | - | - |
Median bulb width | 9.3 ± 0.8 (8.0–11.0) | - | - | - | - |
Anterior end to excretory pore | 79.1 ± 4.8 (70.0–85.0) | 75.0 ± 5.2 (70.0–80.0) | - | 77.5 (71–85) | 71 (65–78.5) |
Pharynx length | 99.0 ± 4.2 (92.0–106.0) | 89.0 ± 6.2 (80.0–93.0) | 82–94 | 92 (85–110) | 83.5 (72.5–94.5) |
Maximum body width | 16.0 ± 1.4 (13.5–18.0) | 15.4 ± 0.4 (15.0–15.8) | - | 16 (13–20) | - |
Vulva body width | 13.6 ± 1.3 (12.0–15.0) | - | - | - | - |
Anal body width | 9.7 ± 0.9 (8.0–11.2) | 11.7 ± 0.7 (10.7–12.4) | - | - | - |
Distance from vulva to anus | 33.5 ± 5.8 (28.0–44.0) | - | 29–44 | 33.5 (26–44) | - |
Distance from vulva to tail terminus | 60.0 ± 7.3 (50.0–72.0) | - | - | - | - |
Tail length | 26.0 ± 2.9 (22.0–30.0) | 27.0 ± 3.5 (22.0–30.0) | 23–27 | 23.5 (17.5–29.5) | 23 (20.5–29.5) |
Canadian Populations | Spanish Populations | Wu & Townshend [27] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characters | Females | Juveniles | Females | Females | ||
Populations | 091 | 041 | 091 | Ariza, Zaragoza | Alpera, Albacete | type population |
n | 18 | 18 | 6 | 20 | 8 | 43 |
Body length | 333.6 ± 33.7 (269.0–380.0) | 349.5 ± 25.4 (314.0–388.0) | 315.5 ± 26.4 (267.0–342.0) | 346.2 ± 25.8 (310.0–425.0) | 334.4 ± 14.3 (310.0–353.0) | 315–401 |
a | 23.4 ± 1.4 (21.4–26.2) | 23.9 ± 1.9 (20.4–27.0) | 22.0 ± 1.9 (18.8–24.0) | 21.8 ± 1.6 (17.4–24.3) | 21.7 ± 1.7 (19.1–23.5) | 19–26 |
b | 3.6 ± 0.3 (3.2–4.0) | 3.9 ± 0.3 (3.3–4.7) | 3.9 ± 0.2 (3.5–4.1) | 3.7 ± 0.2 (3.3–4.2) | 3.6 ± 0.2 (3.3–4.1) | 3.8–5.9 |
c | 11.9 ± 1.1 (10.0–13.8) | 13.5 ± 1.4 (11.6–16.9) | 15.4 ± 1.9 (13.5–18.9) | 13.9 ± 1.9 (10.5–17.7) | 13.2 ± 1.8 (11.3–15.3) | 11.7–15.8 |
c’ | 3.5 ± 0.4 (3.0–4.5) | 3.3 ± 0.3 (2.8–3.9) | 2.6 ± 0.1 (2.4–2.8) | 2.9 ± 0.4 (2.5–3.8) | 2.9 ± 0.2 (2.6–3.1) | - |
V | 82.3 ± 1.2 (80.0–84.3) | 82.9 ± 0.9 (80.8–84.1) | - | 82.9 ± 1.4 (80.2–85.6) | 82.6 ± 1.4 (81.3–85.0) | 80.5–84.7 |
Lip height | 2.6 ± 0.2 (2.0–3.0) | 2.8 ± 0.3 (2.0–3.0) | - | - | - | - |
Lip width | 5.5 ± 0.2 (5.0–6.0) | 5.6 ± 0.4 (5.0–6.0) | - | 5.2 ± 0.4 (4.5–6.0) | 5.2 ± 0.4 (4.5–6.0) | - |
Stylet length | 17.3 ± 0.9 (15.0–19.0) | 16.5 ± 0.9 (14.5–18.0) | 12.0 ± 1.1 (10.0–13.0) | 15.5 ± 0.4 (14.5–16.0) | 15.4 ± 0.4 (15.0–16.0) | 15–16.8 |
Median bulb length | 21.9 ± 1.5 (19.4–24.2) | 20.6 ± 2.3 (16.0–24.0) | - | 18.2 ± 1.7 (15.5–22.0) | 17.4 ± 1.2 (16.0–19.0) | - |
Median bulb width | 8.1 ± 0.6 (7.2–9.0) | 8.2 ± 0.8 (7.2–10.0) | - | 8.9 ± 0.6 (8.0–10.0) | 8.6 ± 0.5 (8.0–9.5) | - |
Anterior end to excretory pore | 73.9 ± 3.8 (64.0–81.0) | 73.4 ± 5.3 (63.0–84.0) | 66.8 ± 4.8 (60.0–71.0) | 78.2 ± 6.0 (70.5–93.0) | 77.4 ± 3.8 (72.5–84.0) | 68–81 |
Pharynx length | 91.7 ± 3.4 (83.0–98.0) | 90.2 ± 4.9 (82.0–98.0) | 80.3 ± 2.9 (76.0–83.0) | 93.1 ± 5.0 (85.5–103.0) | 92.1 ± 5.6 (85.5–102.0) | 77–89 |
Maximum body width | 14.2 ± 1.2 (12.0–16.0) | 14.6 ± 0.8 (13.0–16.0) | 14.3 ± 0.6 (13.0–15.0) | 16.0 ± 1.9 (14.5–21.5) | 15.5 ± 1.3 (14.5–18.5) | - |
Anal body width | 8.1 ± 0.8 (6.0–9.0) | 7.9 ± 0.6 (7.0–9.0) | 7.9 ± 0.2 (7.5–8.0) | 8.7 ± 0.4 (8.0–9.5) | 8.9 ± 0.9 (8.0–11.0) | - |
Distance from vulva to anus | 30.6 ± 3.6 (26.0–39.0) | 33.5 ± 4.2 (27.0–43.0) | - | - | - | 28–41 |
Distance from vulva to tail terminus | 58.8 ± 5.6 (52.0–70.6) | 59.6 ± 4.8 (51.0–67.0) | - | - | - | - |
Tail length | 28.2 ± 3.0 (24.0–35.0) | 26.1 ± 2.5 (21.0–30.0) | 20.7 ± 1.7 (18.0–23.0) | 25.3 ± 3.3 (21.5–32.5) | 25.6 ± 2.9 (22.5–30.0) | 22–33 |
Canadian Population | * Belgian Population Claerbout et al. [34] | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Holotype | Paratype | |||||||
Characters | Female | Females | Juveniles | T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 | T5 |
n | 11 | 5 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | |
Body length | 372 | 382.7 ± 30.9 (343.0–431.0) | 344.3 ± 9.5 (331.0–357.0) | 365 ± 40 (308–465) | 335 ± 20 (302–360) | 365 ± 39 (313–422) | 358 ± 43 (300–411) | 328 ± 31 (293–368) |
a | 24.6 | 25.7 ± 2.1 (21.7–28.7) | 23.8 ± 0.4 (23.1–24.4) | 24.2 ± 3.8 (14.9–27.6) | 24.3 ± 3.4 (19.3–27.2) | 26.7 ± 2.3 (22–29) | 23.7 ± 2.6 (18.5–27.5) | 23.2 ± 3.3 (18.1–28.1) |
b | 3.9 | 4.1 ± 0.3 (3.7–4.7) | 4.2 ± 0.2 (3.9–4.4) | 3.7 ± 0.7 (2.7–4.6) | - | 3.4 ± 0.7 (2.5–4.9) | 3.2 ± 0.5 (2.8–4.2) | - |
c | 15.7 | 15.4 ± 1.3 (12.9–17.5) | 14.9 ± 0.5 (14.4–15.7) | 15.0 ± 1.5 (12.3–17.2) | 14.9 ± 1.5 (13.2–17) | 14.9 ± 1.9 (12.7–17.8) | 14.8 ± 2.3 (13.7–19.8) | 13.0 ± 1.5 (10.1–15.7) |
c′ | 2.5 | 2.6 ± 0.3 (2.3–3.1) | 2.3 ± 0.3 (1.9–2.6) | - | - | - | - | - |
V | 84.1 | 85 ± 0.9 (83.0–86.3) | - | 83.2 ± 2.1 (80.4–87.8) | 83.2 ± 2.1 (80–87) | 83.0 ± 1.5 (80–84) | 83.5 ± 0.9 (82.8–84.9) | 83.1 ± 2.1 (80.1–88) |
Lip height | 3.1 | 3.0 ± 0.3 (2.6–3.6) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Lip width | 7.5 | 7.1 ± 0.4 (6.5–7.7) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Stylet length | 28.9 | 28.8 ± 1.1 (27.3–30.8) | 12.5 ± 0.9 (11.2–13.5) | 27.3 ± 1.3 (23.5–28.4) | 25.5 ± 1.6 (22.3–26.5) | 26.6 ± 1.5 (25.2–30.5) | 26.8 ± 1.3 (24.6–27.9) | 27.0 ± 1.5 (24.6–28.6) |
Stylet percentage | 7.7 | 7.6 ± 0.5 (6.8–8.2) | - | 7.5 ± 0.9 (6.0–8.8) | 7.6 ± 0.7 (7.2–8.8) | 7.3 ± 0.7 (6.2–7.9) | 7.6 ± 0.8 (6.6–8.4) | 8.3 ± 0.5 (7.3–8.9) |
Median bulb length | 21.2 | 20.4 ± 1.0 (18.5–21.3) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Median bulb width | 9.8 | 9.6 ± 1.1 (8.0–11.4) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Anterior end to excretory pore | 79 | 76.0 ± 4.2 (70.0–82.0) | 65.2 ± 2.8 (63.0–70.0) | - | - | - | - | - |
Pharynx length | 95 | 93.8 ± 5.2 (83.0–100.0) | 81.6 ± 4.3 (76.0–88.0) | 100.7 ± 19.7 (75.2–137.7) | 88.0 ± 23.3 (42.9–105.8) | 109.9 ± 16.9 (83.3–123.5) | 114.7 ± 18.4 (84.6–125.7) | 120.4 ± 14.6 (95.0–144.0) |
Maximum body width | 15.1 | 15.0 ± 1.2 (12.6–16.4) | 14.4 ± 0.3 (14.2–14.9) | - | - | - | - | - |
Vulva body width | 12.7 | 13.1 ± 1.0 (11.4–14.7) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Anal body width | 9.5 | 9.7 ± 0.9 (7.7–10.6) | 10.2 ± 1.2 (8.8–11.7) | - | - | - | - | - |
Distance from vulva to anus | 36 | 33.3 ± 4.0 (26.0–37.0) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Distance from vulva to tail terminus | 59.6 | 59.9 ± 3.1 (53.4–65.0) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Tail length | 23.6 | 24.9 ± 2.1 (22.0–29.0) | 23.2 ± 0.8 (22.0–24.0) | 24.4 ± 3.1 (21.7–30.8) | 22.6 ± 1.6 (20.3–26.2) | 24.6 ± 1.8 (21.0–26.1) | 24.5 ± 3.3 (21.2–23.7) | 25.4 ± 2.6 (22.0–30.0) |
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Munawar, M.; Yevtushenko, D.P.; Palomares-Rius, J.E.; Castillo, P. Species Diversity of Pin Nematodes (Paratylenchus spp.) from Potato Growing Regions of Southern Alberta, Canada. Plants 2021, 10, 188. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020188
Munawar M, Yevtushenko DP, Palomares-Rius JE, Castillo P. Species Diversity of Pin Nematodes (Paratylenchus spp.) from Potato Growing Regions of Southern Alberta, Canada. Plants. 2021; 10(2):188. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020188
Chicago/Turabian StyleMunawar, Maria, Dmytro P. Yevtushenko, Juan E. Palomares-Rius, and Pablo Castillo. 2021. "Species Diversity of Pin Nematodes (Paratylenchus spp.) from Potato Growing Regions of Southern Alberta, Canada" Plants 10, no. 2: 188. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020188