The Many Hats of Sonic Hedgehog Signaling in Nervous System Development and Disease
Department of Physiology & Membrane Biology and Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospital for Children Northern California, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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Academic Editors: Henk Roelink and Simon J. Conway
J. Dev. Biol. 2016, 4(4), 35; https://doi.org/10.3390/jdb4040035
Received: 5 October 2016 / Revised: 17 November 2016 / Accepted: 29 November 2016 / Published: 10 December 2016
(This article belongs to the Collection Hedgehog Signaling in Embryogenesis)
Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling occurs concurrently with the many processes that constitute nervous system development. Although Shh is mostly known for its proliferative and morphogenic action through its effects on neural stem cells and progenitors, it also contributes to neuronal differentiation, axonal pathfinding and synapse formation and function. To participate in these diverse events, Shh signaling manifests differently depending on the maturational state of the responsive cell, on the other signaling pathways regulating neural cell function and the environmental cues that surround target cells. Shh signaling is particularly dynamic in the nervous system, ranging from canonical transcription-dependent, to non-canonical and localized to axonal growth cones. Here, we review the variety of Shh functions in the developing nervous system and their consequences for neurodevelopmental diseases and neural regeneration, with particular emphasis on the signaling mechanisms underlying Shh action.
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Keywords:
non-canonical Sonic hedgehog signaling; neuronal differentiation; calcium signaling; synapse formation; neurodevelopmental disorders; medulloblastoma; neural regeneration
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MDPI and ACS Style
Belgacem, Y.H.; Hamilton, A.M.; Shim, S.; Spencer, K.A.; Borodinsky, L.N. The Many Hats of Sonic Hedgehog Signaling in Nervous System Development and Disease. J. Dev. Biol. 2016, 4, 35. https://doi.org/10.3390/jdb4040035
AMA Style
Belgacem YH, Hamilton AM, Shim S, Spencer KA, Borodinsky LN. The Many Hats of Sonic Hedgehog Signaling in Nervous System Development and Disease. Journal of Developmental Biology. 2016; 4(4):35. https://doi.org/10.3390/jdb4040035
Chicago/Turabian StyleBelgacem, Yesser H.; Hamilton, Andrew M.; Shim, Sangwoo; Spencer, Kira A.; Borodinsky, Laura N. 2016. "The Many Hats of Sonic Hedgehog Signaling in Nervous System Development and Disease" J. Dev. Biol. 4, no. 4: 35. https://doi.org/10.3390/jdb4040035
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