Framing of Abortion and Church-State Relations in Russian Orthodox Online Portals
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Abortion in Russia
…In the official discourse, the problem of abortion was framed as either a social-policy or a medical problem, but not as a moral issue, and certainly not as a religious one. In addition, any attempts to evaluate the social policies and practices from a religious perspective could result in repression…conceptual tools for such thought were simply missing (and often forcibly excluded).
3. Morality Policy
4. Materials and Methods
5. The Sample
6. Results
6.1. Morality Framing
6.2. Religious Frames
6.3. Rational-Instrumental Frames
6.4. Procedural and Church–State Relations Frames
6.5. Symphony Frames
The presence of a priest in the maternity ward, where young mothers are in great need of spiritual support and prayer, is especially important. A conversation between a pastor and a woman who intends to destroy her child in the womb can be truly life-changing.
6.6. Dialogue Frames: Affinity
6.7. Dialogue Frames: Disillusionment
6.8. Disestablishment Frames
I personally criticize our state, which murders millions of children every year. With our taxes, at that. I mean abortions. I am very dissatisfied with the relationship of the state to families with multiple children, who are on the edge of survival [in Russia]. I think that it is an abusive relationship when an enormous quantity of documents is demanded so that the state will give a family with multiple children some kind of insignificant help. So there is no such thing as the 100 percent support of the state by the Church that you speak of.
7. Conclusions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
1 | Kurayev was deposed from the priesthood in January 2021: http://moseparh.ru/reshenie-eparxialnogo-suda-g-moskvy-po-delu-50-54-2020.html (accessed on 7 December 2021). |
References
- Agadjanian, Alexander. 2001. Public Religion and the Quest for National Ideology: Russia’s Media Discourse. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 40: 351–65. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Akhundova, Irina, and Priest Daniil Goryachev. 2015. “Ya Slyshal Mnogo Ispovedey ob Aborte ot Zhenshchin i Ni Odnoy ot Muzhchin, Kotorye Prichestny k Nemu…”: V Tsentre Zashchity Materinstva. Ruskline.Ru. Available online: http://prod.ruskline.ru/analitika/2015/04/28/ya_slyshal_mnogo_ispovedej_ob_aborte_ot_zhenwin_i_ni_odnoj_ot_muzhchin_kotorye_prichastny_k_nemu (accessed on 30 September 2021).
- Beliakova, Ye.V., N.A. Beliakova, and Ye.B. Yemchenko. 2011. Zhenshchina v Pravoslavii: Tserkovnoe Pravo i Rossiyskaya Praktika. Moscow: Kuchkovo Polye, Available online: https://azbyka.ru/otechnik/antropologiya-i-asketika/zhenshhina-v-pravoslavii-tserkovnoe-pravo-i-rossijskaja-praktika/ (accessed on 7 December 2021).
- Bogdanova, Olga. 2020. Mediatization of Pastoral Care in the Russian Orthodox Church: Reasons behind “Ask the Priest” Websites. Gosudarstvo, Religiya, Tserkov v Rossii i Za Rubezhom 38: 207–34. [Google Scholar]
- Bogdanova, Olga A., and A.S. Sokolov. 2020. Religious Mass Media Sources in a Convergence Situation: Instruments of Media Analysis and Forming a Strategy for “Foma” Orthodox Media in Social Networks. Vestnik VGU. Seriya: Filologiya. Zhurnalistika 4: 78–83. Available online: http://www.vestnik.vsu.ru/pdf/phylolog/2020/04/2020-04-19.pdf (accessed on 7 December 2021).
- Borisova, Aleksandra, and Archpriest Maksim Obukhov. 2012. Povysyat Li Novye Mery Vladimira Putina Rozhdayemost—Eksperty. Pravmir.Ru. Available online: https://www.pravmir.ru/novye-mery-putina/ (accessed on 30 September 2021).
- Bulychyov, Priest Oleg. 2014a. Detey Kaznit Nelzya Pomilovat. Pravoslavie.Ru. Available online: https://pravoslavie.ru/70346.html (accessed on 30 September 2021).
- Bulychyov, Priest Oleg. 2014b. Schastlivyy Betkhoven. Pravoslavie.Ru. Available online: https://pravoslavie.ru/71107.html (accessed on 30 September 2021).
- Cherevko, Milena. 2012. Prot. Maksim Obukhov: “Nuzhno Pomoch Zhenshchine Sdelat Vybor v Polzu Rebyonka”. Pravmir.Ru. Available online: https://www.pravmir.ru/prot-maksim-obuxov-nuzhno-pomoch-zhenshhine-sdelat-vybor-v-polzu-rebenka/ (accessed on 30 September 2021).
- Danilova, Anna, and Archpriest Vsevolod Chaplin. 2015. Protoierey Vsevolod Chaplin: Tretya Mirovaya Voyna Uzhe Idyot. Pravmir.Ru. Available online: https://www.pravmir.ru/protoierey-vsevolod-chaplin-tretya-mirovaya-voyna-uzhe-idet/ (accessed on 30 September 2021).
- Danilova, Anna, and Archpriest Dimitriy Smirnov. 2020. Protoierey Dimitriy Smirnov: Kozhu Snyat s Serdtsa. Pravmir.Ru. Available online: https://www.pravmir.ru/so-svoego-serdtsa-kozhu-snyat/ (accessed on 30 September 2021).
- Denisov, Boris, and Victoria Sakevich. 2014. Abortion in Post-Soviet Russia: Is There Any Reason for Optimism? Demographic Review 1: 50–68. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Entman, Robert M. 1993. Framing: Toward Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm. Journal of Communication 43: 51–58. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Federal State Statistics Service. 2021. Vitrina Statisticheskikh Dannykh. Federalnaya Sluzhba Gosudarstvennoy Statistiki. Available online: https://showdata.gks.ru/report/278930/ (accessed on 30 September 2021).
- Flood, Patrick J. 2002. Abortion and the Right to Life in Post-Communist Eastern Europe and Russia. East European Quarterly 36: 191–226. [Google Scholar]
- Fomin, Archpriest Igor. 2010. Aborty: Otvety na Neprostyye Voprosy. Pravmir.Ru. Available online: https://www.pravmir.ru/aborty-chto-mozhno-sdelat-uzhe-sejchas/ (accessed on 30 September 2021).
- Golovko, Oksana. 2017. Ieromonakh Feodorit (Senchukov): Posle Smerti Zheny Menya Spasli Docheri. Pravmir.Ru. Available online: https://www.pravmir.ru/ieromonah-feodorit-senchukov-posle-smerti-zhenyi-menya-spasli-docherii/ (accessed on 30 September 2021).
- Grafova, Maria. 2020. The Abortion in Soviet Russia during NEP: Official Propaganda versus Popular Attitudes. Gosudarstvo, Religiia, Tserkov’ v Rossii i Za Rubezhom 38: 229–64. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Grishaeva, Ekaterina. 2020. “Making Europe Great Again”: Anti-Western Criticism from Orthodox Conservative Actors Online. In Contemporary Russian Conservatism: Problems, Paradoxes, and Perspectives. Edited by Mikhail Suslov and Dmitry Uzlaner. Leiden: Brill, pp. 234–56. [Google Scholar]
- Grishaeva, Ekaterina I., and Valeria A. Shumkova. 2018. Traditionalist Orthodox Christian Media: Discourse Structure and Peculiarities of the Functioning. Monitoring of Public Opinion: Economic and Social Changes 2: 291–308. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hill, Caroline. 2017. Framing “Gay Propaganda”: The Orthodox Church and Morality Policy in Russia. Master thesis, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, January 31. Available online: http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1069954/FULLTEXT01.pdf (accessed on 7 December 2021).
- Hjarvard, Stig. 2008. The Mediatization of Religion: A Theory of the Media as Agents of Religious Change. Northern Lights 6: 9–26. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hjarvard, Stig. 2012. Three Forms of Mediatized Religion: Changing the Public Face of Religion. In Mediatization and Religion: Nordic Perspectives. Edited by Stig Hjarvard and Mia Lövheim. Göteborg: Nordicom, pp. 21–44. [Google Scholar]
- Hjarvard, Stig. 2016. Mediatization and the Changing Authority of Religion. Media, Culture & Society 38: 8–17. [Google Scholar]
- Holy Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus Kirill. 2017. Vystupleniye na VII Obshchetserkovnom Syezde po Sotsialnomu Sluzheniyu. Pravoslavie.Ru. Available online: https://pravoslavie.ru/107569.html (accessed on 30 September 2021).
- Ilyashenko, Archpriest Aleksandr. 2004a. Abort (Chast II). Pravmir.Ru. Available online: https://www.pravmir.ru/abort-chast-ii/ (accessed on 30 September 2021).
- Ilyashenko, Archpriest Aleksandr. 2004b. Ne Nado Ubivat Svoikh Detey! Pravmir.Ru. Available online: https://www.pravmir.ru/ne-nado-ubivat-svoix-detej/ (accessed on 30 September 2021).
- Ilyashenko, Archpriest Aleksandr. 2008. Zhenshchina Spasaetsya Chadorodiyem? Pravmir.Ru. Available online: https://www.pravmir.ru/zhenshhina-spasaetsya-chadorodiem/ (accessed on 30 September 2021).
- Johnson, Kelley J. 2004. “New Thinking About an Old Issue”: The Abortion Controversy Continues in Russia and Ireland—Could Roe v. Wade Have Been the Better Solution? Indiana International & Comparative Law Review 15: 183–213. [Google Scholar]
- Karpov, Vyacheslav, and Kimmo Kääriäinen. 2005. “Abortion Culture” in Russia: Its Origins, Scope, and Challenge to Social Development. Journal of Applied Sociology 22: 13–33. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kettell, Steven. 2017. The Collective Action Framing of Conservative Christian Groups in Britain. Politics and Religion 10: 286–310. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Levada-Center. 2018. Tabu v Sfere Seksa i Reproduktsii. Levada-Tsentr. Available online: https://www.levada.ru/2018/01/11/17389/ (accessed on 30 September 2021).
- Levada-Center. 2020. Velikiy Post i Religioznost. Levada-Tsentr. Available online: https://www.levada.ru/2020/03/03/velikij-post-i-religioznost/ (accessed on 30 September 2021).
- Luchenko, Ksenia. 2015. Orthodox Online Media on Runet: History of Development and Current State of Affairs. Digital Icons: Studies in Russian, Eurasian and Central European New Media 14: 123–32. [Google Scholar]
- Luehrmann, Sonja. 2017. Innocence and Demographic Crisis: Transposing Post-Abortion Syndrome into a Russian Orthodox Key. In A Fragmented Landscape: Abortion Governance and Protest Logics in Europe. Edited by Silvia De Zordo, Joanna Mishtal and Lorena Anton. Oxford: Berghahn Books, pp. 103–22. [Google Scholar]
- Luehrmann, Sonja. 2019. “Everything New That Life Gives Birth To”: Family Values and Kinship Practices in Russian Orthodox Antiabortion Activism. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 44: 771–95. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mason, Carol. 2019. Opposing Abortion to Protect Women: Transnational Strategy since the 1990s. Journal of Women in Culture and Society 44: 665–92. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Metropolitan Ilarion [Alfeyev]. 2011. Imet ili Byt? Vliyaniye Seksualnoy Revolyutsii na Izmeneniye Nravstvennogo Klimata i Sotsialno-Ekonomicheskikh Otnosheniy v Sovremennom Mire. Pravmir.Ru. Available online: https://www.pravmir.ru/imet-ili-byt-vliyanie-seksualn/ (accessed on 30 September 2021).
- Metropolitan of Krutitskiy and Kolomna Yuvenaliy. 2014. Mitropolit Krutitskiy Yuvenaliy: Sudbonosnoy Mozhet Stat Beseda Pastyrya s Zhenshchinoy, Kotoraya Namerevayetsya Pogubit vo Chreve Svoye Ditya. Pravmir.Ru. Available online: https://www.pravmir.ru/mitropolit-krutitskiy-yuvenaliy-sudbonosnoy-mozhet-stat-beseda-pastyirya-s-zhenshhinoy-kotoraya-namerevaetsya-pogubit-vo-chreve-svoe-ditya/ (accessed on 30 September 2021).
- Metropolitan of Ufa and Sterlitamak Nikon [Vasyukov]. 2006. Vrach Dolzhen Gorditsya Spasyonnymi Dushami, a Ne Ubitymi Detmi! Zayavleniye Ufimskogo Yeparkhialnogo Upravleniya Russkoy Pravoslavnoy Tserkvi. Ruskline.Ru. Available online: https://ruskline.ru/analitika/2006/06/15/vrach_dolzhen_gordit_sya_spasennymi_dushami_a_ne_ubitymi_det_mi/ (accessed on 30 September 2021).
- Milonov, Vitaliy. 2013. Vitaliy Milonov: V Pervuyu Ochered Neobkhodimo na Zakonodatelnom Urovne Priznat, Chto Abort—Eto Ubiystvo: Peterburgskiy Deputat o Zakonoproyekte Samarskoy Gubernskoy Dumy, Zapreshchayuschchem Finansirovaniye Abortov za Schyot Byudzheta. Ruskline.Ru. Available online: https://ruskline.ru/news_rl/2013/10/25/vitalij_milonov_v_pervuyu_ochered_neobhodimo_na_zakonodatelnom_urovne_priznat_chto_abort_eto_ubijstvo/ (accessed on 30 September 2021).
- Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 2011. Federalnyy Zakon ot 21 Noyabrya 2011g. No. 323-F3 “Ob Osnovakh Okhrany Zdorovya Grazhdan v Rossiyskoy Federatsii”. In Ministerstvo Zdravookhraneniya Rossiyskoy Federatsii. Available online: https://minzdrav.gov.ru/documents/7025-federalnyy-zakon-323-fz-ot-21-noyabrya-2011-g (accessed on 30 September 2021).
- Mooney, Christopher Z. 1999. The Politics of Morality Policy: Symposium Editor‘s Introduction. Policy Studies Journal 27: 675–80. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Morozov, Hegumen Nektariy. 2017. Igumen Nektariy (Morozov): “Revolyutsiya” v Tserkvi—Bunt protiv Khrista. Pravmir.Ru. Available online: https://www.pravmir.ru/igumen-nektariy-morozov-revolyutsiya-v-tserkvi-bunt-protiv-hrista/ (accessed on 30 September 2021).
- Mucciaroni, Gary. 2009. Same Sex, Different Politics: Success and Failure in the Struggles over Gay Rights. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. [Google Scholar]
- Mucciaroni, Gary. 2011. Are Debates about ‘Morality Policy’ Really about Morality? Framing Opposition to Gay and Lesbian Rights. The Policy Studies Journal 39: 187–216. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mucciaroni, Gary, Kathleen Ferraiolo, and Meghan E. Rubado. 2019. Framing Morality Policy Issues: State Legislative Debates on Abortion Restrictions. Policy Sciences 52: 171–89. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Obukhov, Archpriest Maksim. 2011. A Vy Ikh Dustom Ne Probovali? Pravmir.Ru. Available online: https://www.pravmir.ru/a-vy-ix-dustom-ne-probovali/ (accessed on 30 September 2021).
- Pershin, Hiermonk Dimitriy. 2010. Zhurnal “Foma”: Povod k Dobru. Pravmir.Ru. Available online: https://www.pravmir.ru/zhurnal-foma-povod-k-dobru/ (accessed on 30 September 2021).
- Pershin, Hiermonk Dimitriy, and Lidiya Ruonala. 2012. Ideologiya Smerti. Pravmir.Ru. Available online: https://www.pravmir.ru/mipoteryali-naselenie/ (accessed on 30 September 2021).
- Ponomariov, Alexander. 2015. The Body of Christ Online: The Russian Orthodox Church and (Non-)Liturgical Interactivity on the Internet. Digital Icons: Studies in Russian, Eurasian and Central European New Media 14: 145–63. [Google Scholar]
- Ponomariov, Alexander. 2021. “In the Spirit of Symphony”: On Russian Orthodox Church’s Refinement of Secular Legal Standards in the Russian Federation. Interdisciplinary Journal for Religion and Transformation in Contemporary Society 7: 234–60. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pravmir Editorial Staff. 2010a. V Moskve Proshyol I Mezhdunarodnyy Festival Sotsialnykh Tekhnologiy v Zashchitu Semeynykh Tsennostey “ZA ZHIZN-2010”. Pravmir.Ru. Available online: https://www.pravmir.ru/v-moskve-proshel-i-mezhdunarodnyj-festival-socialnyx-texnologij-v-zashhitu-semejnyx-cennostej-za-zhizn-2010/ (accessed on 30 September 2021).
- Pravmir Editorial Staff. 2010b. “Meditsinskaya Gazeta”: Poshchadi Zhizn. Pravmir.Ru. Available online: https://www.pravmir.ru/medicinskaya-gazeta-poshhadi-zhizn/ (accessed on 30 September 2021).
- Pravmir News Service. 2014. Ieromonakh Dimitriy (Pershin): Yesli Zakony Protivorechat Zapovedyam, to My Dolzhny Menyat Zakony. Pravmir.Ru. Available online: https://www.pravmir.ru/ieromonah-dimitriy-pershin-esli-zakonyi-protivorechat-zapovedyam-to-myi-dolzhnyi-menyat-zakonyi/ (accessed on 30 September 2021).
- Pravmir News Service. 2016. Zhizni—Da, Abortam—Net! Pravmir.Ru. Available online: https://www.pravmir.ru/zhizni-da-abortam-net/ (accessed on 30 September 2021).
- Pravmir News Service and Archpriest Dimitriy Smirnov. 2012. Prot. Dimitriy Smirnov: Neobkhodima Yasnaya Tserkovnaya Programma Vozrozhdeniya Semyi. Pravmir.Ru. Available online: https://www.pravmir.ru/prot-dimitrij-smirnov-neobxodima-yasnaya-cerkovnaya-programma-vozrozhdeniya-semi/ (accessed on 30 September 2021).
- Pravoslavie i Mir. 2015. Problema Abortov: Proyavim Grazhdanskuyu Aktivnost! Pravmir.Ru. Available online: https://www.pravmir.ru/problema-abortov-proyavim-grazhdanskuyu-aktivnost/ (accessed on 30 September 2021).
- Pravoslavie.Ru. 2016a. Protoierey Dmitriy Smirnov: Yesli My Ne Prekratim Sovershat Aborty, Gospod Sotryot Nas s Litsa Zemli. Pravoslavie.Ru. Available online: https://pravoslavie.ru/99199.html (accessed on 30 September 2021).
- Pravoslavie.Ru. 2016b. Ekspertnaya Gruppa pri Pravitelstve RF Otklonila Petitsiyu o Vyvedenii Abortov iz OMS. Pravoslavie.Ru. Available online: https://pravoslavie.ru/99319.html (accessed on 30 September 2021).
- Pravoslavie.Ru. 2019. Protoierey Aleksandr Ilyashenko: “Ya Prekrashchayu Vsyakoe Sotrudnichestvo s Pravmirom”. Pravoslavie.Ru. Available online: https://pravoslavie.ru/122365.html (accessed on 30 September 2021).
- Regushevskaya, Elena, Tatiana Dubikaytis, Minna Nikula, Olga Kuznetsova, and Elina Hemminki. 2009. Contraceptive Use and Abortion among Women of Reproductive Age in St. Petersburg, Russia. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 41: 51–58. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- RIA Novosti. 2009. Patriarkh Kirill Prizval Tserkov i Gosudarstvo k Vzaimodeystviyu. RIA Novosti. Available online: https://ria.ru/20090202/160741655.html (accessed on 30 September 2021).
- RIA Novosti. 2019. Glavred “Pravmira” Prokommentirovala Ukhod Dukhovnika Portala. RIA Novosti. Available online: https://ria.ru/20190711/1556439423.html (accessed on 30 September 2021).
- Rivkin-Fish, Michele. 2013. Conceptualizing Feminist Strategies for Russian Reproductive Politics: Abortion, Surrogate Motherhood, and Family Support after Socialism. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 38: 569–93. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rivkin-Fish, Michele. 2017. Legacies of 1917 in Contemporary Russian Public Health: Addiction, HIV, and Abortion. American Journal of Public Health 107: 1731–5. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Russkaya Narodnaya Liniya. 2006. Abort: Pravo Vybora ili Pravo na Ubiystvo? Ruskline.Ru. Available online: https://ruskline.ru/monitoring_smi/2006/06/28/abort_pravo_vybora_ili_pravo_na_ubijstvo/ (accessed on 30 September 2021).
- Russkaya Narodnaya Liniya. 2008. Upovaya na Milost Bozhiyu: Kak Pravoslavnym Iskupat Grekh Soversheniya Aborta? Ruskline.Ru. Available online: https://ruskline.ru/monitoring_smi/2008/04/21/upovaya_na_milost_bozhiyu/ (accessed on 30 September 2021).
- Russkaya Narodnaya Liniya. 2009. Protoierey Vsevolod Chaplin: “Sdelan Ochen Vazhnyy Shag v Pravilnom Napravlenii”. Ruskline.Ru. Available online: https://ruskline.ru/news_rl/2009/12/20091223/protoierej_vsevolod_chaplin_sdelan_ochen_vazhnyj_shag_v_pravilnom_napravlenii/ (accessed on 30 September 2021).
- Russkaya Narodnaya Liniya. 2010. Protoierey Aleksandr Shargunov: “Fakticheski Idyot Voyna na Unichtozheniye Naroda”. Ruskline.Ru. Available online: https://ruskline.ru/news_rl/2010/10/18/protoierej_aleksandr_shargunov_fakticheski_idet_vojna_na_unichtozhenie_naroda/ (accessed on 30 September 2021).
- Russkaya Narodnaya Liniya. 2011. “Zhal, Chto u Nas Net Mekhanizma Otzyva Deputata”: Svyashchennosluzhiteli Vyrazili Sozhaleniye v Svyazi s Tem, Chto Zdravye Mery, Predlagayemye Tserkovyu, Ne Nakhodyat Odobreniya v Gosdume. Ruskline.Ru. Available online: https://ruskline.ru/news_rl/2011/07/27/zhal_chto_u_nas_net_mehanizma_otzyva_deputata/ (accessed on 30 September 2021).
- Russkaya Narodnaya Liniya. 2015. “Nuzhny Ne Zakonodatelnye Initiativy, a Dukhovno-Nravstvennye Orientiry”: Izvestnye Pastyri o Merakh, Sposobnykh Povysit Rozhdaemost v Rossii. Ruskline.Ru. Available online: https://ruskline.ru/news_rl/2015/12/08/nuzhny_ne_zakonodatelnye_iniciativy_a_duhovnonravstvennye_orientiry (accessed on 30 September 2021).
- Russkaya Narodnaya Liniya. 2016. “Zashchita Zhizni Zachatogo Rebyonka—Uzhe Zadacha Obshchestva”: Izvestnyye Pastyri o Predlozhenii Povysit Status Mnogodetnykh Semyey i Uzhestochit Antiabortnoye Zakonodatelstvo. Ruskline.Ru. Available online: https://ruskline.ru/news_rl/2016/02/04/zawita_zhizni_zachatogo_rebenka_uzhe_zadacha_obwestva/ (accessed on 30 September 2021).
- Russian Orthodox Church. 2008. Osnovy Sotsialnoy Kontseptsii Russkoy Pravoslavnoy Tserkvi. Russkaya Pravoslavnaya Tserkov—Ofitsialnyy Sayt Moskovskogo Patriarkhata. Available online: http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/419128.html (accessed on 30 September 2021).
- Sakevich, Victoria I., and Boris P. Denisov. 2019. Reproduktivnoye Zdorovye Naseleniya i Problema Abortov v Rossii: Noveyshiye Tendentsii. Sotsiologicheskiye Issledovaniya 11: 140–51. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Selinov, Pyotr, and Archpriest Andrey Ovchinnikov. 2016. Aborty Sovershayut Te, v Chyey Zhizni Otsutstvuyet Ponyatiye Grekha. Ruskline.Ru. Available online: https://ruskline.ru/monitoring_smi/2016/dekabr/2016-12-07/aborty_sovershayut_te_v_chej_zhizni_otsutstvuet_ponyatie_greha/ (accessed on 30 September 2021).
- Senchukov, Hiermonk Feodorit. 2016. Aborty: Chto Proiskhodit i o Chyom Prosit Patriarkh. Pravmir.Ru. Available online: https://www.pravmir.ru/abort-s-prepyatstviyami1/ (accessed on 30 September 2021).
- Smirnov, Archpriest Dimitriy. 2014. Otnosheniye Gosudarstva k Tserkvi Khuzhe, Chem u Tataro-Mongolov. Pravmir.Ru. Available online: https://www.pravmir.ru/otnoshenie-gosudarstva-k-cerkvi-xuzhe-chem-u-tataro-mongolov/ (accessed on 30 September 2021).
- Smirnova, Natalya. 2011. Pravo na Zhizn Podrazumevayet Pravo na Rozhdenie. Pravmir.Ru. Available online: https://www.pravmir.ru/pravo-na-zhizn-podrazumevaet-pravo-na-rozhdenie/ (accessed on 30 September 2021).
- Solodnikov, Vladimir V. 2010. Abortion. Sociological Research 49: 74–96. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Staehle, Hanna. 2018a. Seeking New Language: Patriarch Kirill’s Media Strategy. Religion, State & Society 46: 384–401. [Google Scholar]
- Staehle, Hanna. 2018b. Mediated Orthodoxy: The Russian Orthodox Church under Patriarch Kirill Facing Criticism in Digital Media. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Passau, Passau, Germany, March 29. [Google Scholar]
- Steshin, Dmitriy. 2006. Rossii Obyavlena Demograficheskaya Voyna: Korrespondent “Komsomolki” Vyyasnil, Pochemu Rossiya Tak Bystro Vymirayet. Ruskline.Ru. Available online: https://ruskline.ru/monitoring_smi/2006/01/10/rossii_ob_yavlena_demograficheskaya_vojna/ (accessed on 30 September 2021).
- Stoeckl, Kristina. 2016. The Russian Orthodox Church as Moral Norm Entrepreneur. Religion, State & Society 44: 132–51. [Google Scholar]
- Stoeckl, Kristina. 2018. Tri Modeli Tserkovno-Gosudarstvennykh Otnosheniy v Sovremennoy Rossii. Gosudarstvo, Religiya, Tserkov 36: 219–46. [Google Scholar]
- Stoeckl, Kristina. 2020. Russian Orthodoxy and Secularism. Brill Research Perspectives in Religion and Politics 1: 1–75. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Studlar, Donley T. 2008. U.S. Tobacco Control: Public Health, Political Economy, or Morality Policy? Review of Policy Research 25: 393–410. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- TASS. 2020. V Minzdrave Soobshili, Chto Kolichestvo Abortov v RF za Pyat Let Sokratilos Pochti na 30%. TASS.Ru. Available online: https://tass.ru/obschestvo/9826067 (accessed on 30 September 2021).
- Volodin, Priest Aleksiy. 2009. Ierey Aleksiy Volodin: “Eto Pervyy Shag v Nuzhnom Napravleniy”. Ruskline.Ru. Available online: https://ruskline.ru/news_rl/2009/12/11/ierej_aleksij_volodin_eto_pervyj_shag_v_nuzhnom_napravlenii/ (accessed on 30 September 2021).
- Yemelyanov, N. N. 2018. Paradoks Religioznosti: Otkuda Berutsya Veruyushchiye? Monitoring Obshchestvennogo Mneniya: Ekonomicheskie i Sotsialnyye Peremeny 2: 32–48. Available online: https://wciom.ru/fileadmin/file/monitoring/2018/144/2018_144_02_Emelyanov.pdf (accessed on 8 December 2021).
- Yerakhtina, Anna. 2013. Strana Ne Dolzhna Oplachivat iz Kazny Ubiystvo Sobstvennykh Grazhdan. Pravoslavie.Ru. Available online: http://pravoslavie.ru/65916.html (accessed on 30 September 2021).
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2021 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Hill, C. Framing of Abortion and Church-State Relations in Russian Orthodox Online Portals. Religions 2021, 12, 1084. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12121084
Hill C. Framing of Abortion and Church-State Relations in Russian Orthodox Online Portals. Religions. 2021; 12(12):1084. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12121084
Chicago/Turabian StyleHill, Caroline. 2021. "Framing of Abortion and Church-State Relations in Russian Orthodox Online Portals" Religions 12, no. 12: 1084. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12121084
APA StyleHill, C. (2021). Framing of Abortion and Church-State Relations in Russian Orthodox Online Portals. Religions, 12(12), 1084. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12121084