Construction and Immunogenicity Comparison of Three Virus-Like Particles Carrying Different Combinations of Structural Proteins of Avian Coronavirus Infectious Bronchitis Virus
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Cells and Viruses
2.2. Generation and Analysis of Recombinant Protein Expression
2.3. Preparation and Purification of VLPs
2.4. Identification of Virus-Like Particles
2.5. Immunization and Challenge
2.6. Detection of IBV-Specific Antibodies
2.7. Detection of IBV-Neutralizing Antibody Titers
2.8. Flow Cytometry
2.9. Cytokine Assay
2.10. Detection of Secretory IgA(sIgA)
2.11. Detection of Virus Loads by Real-Time Quantitative PCR
2.12. Ciliostasis Test
2.13. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Expression of S, M and E Proteins in Sf9 Cells
3.2. Generation and Characterization of IBV VLPs
3.3. Humoral Immune Responses in Immunized Chickens
3.4. Cellular Immune Responses in Immunized Chickens
3.5. Mucosal Immune Responses in Immunized Chickens
3.6. Protection against the IBV Challenge
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Zhang, Y.; Yuan, Y.; Zhang, L.-H.; Zhu, D.; Wang, L.; Wei, L.-P.; Fan, W.-S.; Zhao, C.-R.; Su, Y.-J.; Liao, J.-Q.; et al. Construction and Immunogenicity Comparison of Three Virus-Like Particles Carrying Different Combinations of Structural Proteins of Avian Coronavirus Infectious Bronchitis Virus. Vaccines 2021, 9, 146. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9020146
Zhang Y, Yuan Y, Zhang L-H, Zhu D, Wang L, Wei L-P, Fan W-S, Zhao C-R, Su Y-J, Liao J-Q, et al. Construction and Immunogenicity Comparison of Three Virus-Like Particles Carrying Different Combinations of Structural Proteins of Avian Coronavirus Infectious Bronchitis Virus. Vaccines. 2021; 9(2):146. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9020146
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Yu, Yuan Yuan, Li-Hua Zhang, Dan Zhu, Lu Wang, Lan-Ping Wei, Wen-Sheng Fan, Chang-Run Zhao, Yan-Jing Su, Jian-Qi Liao, and et al. 2021. "Construction and Immunogenicity Comparison of Three Virus-Like Particles Carrying Different Combinations of Structural Proteins of Avian Coronavirus Infectious Bronchitis Virus" Vaccines 9, no. 2: 146. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9020146