Prophylactic Sublingual Immunization with Mycobacterium tuberculosis Subunit Vaccine Incorporating the Natural Killer T Cell Agonist Alpha-Galactosylceramide Enhances Protective Immunity to Limit Pulmonary and Extra-Pulmonary Bacterial Burden in Mice
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Mice
2.2. Reagents
2.3. Immunization
2.4. IFN-γ ELISpot Assay
2.5. Intracellular Cytokine Production Assay
2.6. Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Challenge
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Immunogenicity of Sublingual Mtb Subunit Vaccination
3.2. Persistence of Immunity from Sublingual Vaccination with Mtb Proteins and α-GalCer Adjuvant
3.3. Sublingual Vaccination with Mtb Proteins and α-GalCer Adjuvant Affords Protection against Lung Mtb Challenge
3.4. Sublingual Vaccination Induces T Cell Responses which Correlate with Protection against Lung Mtb Challenge
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Khan, A.; Singh, S.; Galvan, G.; Jagannath, C.; Sastry, K.J. Prophylactic Sublingual Immunization with Mycobacterium tuberculosis Subunit Vaccine Incorporating the Natural Killer T Cell Agonist Alpha-Galactosylceramide Enhances Protective Immunity to Limit Pulmonary and Extra-Pulmonary Bacterial Burden in Mice. Vaccines 2017, 5, 47. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines5040047
Khan A, Singh S, Galvan G, Jagannath C, Sastry KJ. Prophylactic Sublingual Immunization with Mycobacterium tuberculosis Subunit Vaccine Incorporating the Natural Killer T Cell Agonist Alpha-Galactosylceramide Enhances Protective Immunity to Limit Pulmonary and Extra-Pulmonary Bacterial Burden in Mice. Vaccines. 2017; 5(4):47. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines5040047
Chicago/Turabian StyleKhan, Arshad, Shailbala Singh, Gloria Galvan, Chinnaswamy Jagannath, and K. Jagannadha Sastry. 2017. "Prophylactic Sublingual Immunization with Mycobacterium tuberculosis Subunit Vaccine Incorporating the Natural Killer T Cell Agonist Alpha-Galactosylceramide Enhances Protective Immunity to Limit Pulmonary and Extra-Pulmonary Bacterial Burden in Mice" Vaccines 5, no. 4: 47. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines5040047