Measuring Cellular Immunity to Influenza: Methods of Detection, Applications and Challenges
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. T-Cell Immunity Cellular Immunity to Influenza Virus
3. Cellular Immunity in Human Infection
4. Current Influenza Vaccines
5. T-Cell Vaccination Approaches
6. Techniques Used to Quantify Cellular Immunity
6.1. Cytokine Based Assays
6.1.1. ELISA and Multiplex Cytokine Assays
6.1.2. ELISPOT Assays
6.2. Flow Cytometry/Cell Phenotyping Assays
6.2.1. Tetramer Assay
6.2.2. ICS Intracellular Cytokine Staining
6.2.3. Whole Blood Assay
6.3. Proliferation Assays
6.4. Cell Killing or Cytotoxicity Assays
6.5. Systems Biology Approaches to Assessing Cellular Immunity
6.5.1. DNA Microarray
6.5.2. microRNA Profiling
7. Summary of Differences in T-Cell Assays Used in Clinical Trials
8. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Coughlan, L.; Lambe, T. Measuring Cellular Immunity to Influenza: Methods of Detection, Applications and Challenges. Vaccines 2015, 3, 293-319. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines3020293
Coughlan L, Lambe T. Measuring Cellular Immunity to Influenza: Methods of Detection, Applications and Challenges. Vaccines. 2015; 3(2):293-319. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines3020293
Chicago/Turabian StyleCoughlan, Lynda, and Teresa Lambe. 2015. "Measuring Cellular Immunity to Influenza: Methods of Detection, Applications and Challenges" Vaccines 3, no. 2: 293-319. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines3020293