Determinants of Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccination in Healthcare and Public Health Professionals: A Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
- Primary studies (cross-sectional, cohort, and longitudinal) and reviews (scoping reviews, systematic reviews, and meta-analysis) with access to the full text;
- Population: Healthcare workers or public health professionals;
- Outcome: Articles examining the sentiments of HCWs towards COVID-19 vaccines and their uptake;
- English language articles from any country.
- Exclusion Criteria:
- HCWs are solely listed as an occupational determinant of vaccine acceptance and there is no in-depth analysis of COVID-19 vaccination sentiments within this population;
- Focus is not on the sentiments of HCWs regarding the COVID-19 vaccines;
- Focus is on the influence of influenza on COVID-19 and not vice versa;
- Inaccessible articles, letters, and non-original research articles were excluded.
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of Studies
3.2. Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance
3.2.1. Gender
3.2.2. Age
3.2.3. Occupation
3.2.4. Ethnicity
Determinants | Total Studies (n) | Country * | Reviews/Reports/Multi-National Studies |
---|---|---|---|
Age | |||
18–30 | 5 | China, Egypt, Italy, Palestine [14,15,18,31,37] | |
30–50 | 24 | China, Cyprus, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, India, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Turkey, UK, US [12,13,16,19,21,26,27,38,47,48,50,51,54,58,59,60,62] | Biswas et al., Hajure et al., Khubchandani et al., Leigh et al., Li et al., Luo et al., PAHO [8,25,29,32,34,35,64] |
>60 | 4 | Azerbaijan, Germany, Switzerland, UK [10,17,43,63] | |
Gender | |||
Male | 25 | Albania, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Kosovo, Lebanon, Palestine, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, UAE, UK, US [10,16,18,21,23,24,26,36,37,38,42,43,44,46,49,52,54,59,61,63] | Biswas et al., Hajure et al., Khubchandani et al., Li et al., Luo et al. [8,25,29,34,35] |
Female | 3 | Cyprus, Greece, Saudi Arabia [13,19,22] | |
Education | 12 | China, Germany, Greece, Italy, Turkey, US [20,23,27,43,46,55,60] | Biswas et al., Hajure et al., Khubchandani et al., Li et al., Shakeel et al. [8,25,29,34,53] |
Occupation | |||
Nurses | 18 | China, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, India, Israel, Italy, Palestine, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US [10,12,14,16,18,21,27,36,37,46,48,50,59,60,62,63] | Li et al., PAHO [34,64] |
Physicians | 31 | China, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, India, Israel, Italy, Palestine, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US [10,12,14,15,16,18,20,21,23,26,27,36,37,38,40,46,47,48,50,51,54,56,57,60,62,63] | Biswas et al., Hajure et al., Leigh et al., Li et al., PAHO [8,25,32,34,64] |
Ethnicity | 5 | UK, US [10,23,59] | Hajure et al., Li et al. [25,34] |
Comorbidities | 9 | Azerbaijan, China, Egypt, Greece, US [17,18,23,36,57] | Biswas et al., Hajure et al., Khubchandani et al., Li et al., [8,25,29,34] |
Previous Influenza Vaccination | 39 | Albania, Azerbaijan, China, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Egypt, France, Greece, Italy, Kosovo, Lebanon, Palestine, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, UAE, UK, US [10,14,15,16,17,18,19,21,22,23,24,26,27,28,36,37,38,40,41,44,45,47,48,49,52,54,55,56,57,59,60,61,63] | Biswas et al., Hajure et al., Khubchandani et al., Li et al., Luo et al., Shakeel et al. [8,25,29,34,35,53] |
Previous COVID-19 Infection | 16 | Azerbaijan, Albania, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Egypt, France, Greece, Italy, Kosovo, Lebanon, Turkey, Slovakia, Spain, UK, US [16,17,18,27,40,44,47,48,49,54,56,58,61] | Biswas et al., Hajure et al., Li et al. [8,25,34] |
3.2.5. Education
3.2.6. Chronic Diseases/Comorbidities
3.3. Influenza Vaccination as a Factor for COVID-19 Vaccination
3.4. Factors and Barriers of Intention to Taking a COVID-19 Vaccine
3.5. Interventions
3.6. Vaccine Brands as a Factor for COVID-19 Vaccination
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Key Concepts | PubMed MeSH Terms | PubMed Keywords |
---|---|---|
COVID-19 | COVID-19 OR SARS-CoV-2 OR COVID-19 Vaccines | COVID-19 OR “COVID-19 pandemic” OR “coronavirus pandemic” OR “COVID-19 virus” OR “COVID-19 vaccine*” |
Influenza | Influenza OR Vaccines | influenza OR flu OR “influenza vaccine*” OR “flu vaccine*” |
Sentiment/Acceptance | Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice OR Acceptability of Healthcare OR Health Personnel Attitude | accept* OR sentiment OR belief* |
Health Workers | Health Personnel OR Professional Role | “Healthcare worker*” OR “Health care worker*” OR “health professional*” OR “public health care worker*” OR “public healthcare worker*” |
Vaccine Hesitancy | Vaccine OR Vaccination OR Immunization OR Vaccination Refusal | Immunis* OR Immuniz* OR Vaccin* OR “vaccine hesitan*” |
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Regions | Country | Author | Number of Studies (n) |
---|---|---|---|
Europe | Albania | Patelarou et al. [49] | 1 |
Cyprus | Fakonti et al., Patelarou et al., Raftopolous et al. [19,49,51] | 3 | |
Czech Republic | Štěpánek et al. [54] | 1 | |
France | Gagneux-Brunon et al., Moirangthem et al., Navarre et al., Paris(a) et al., Paris(b) et al. [21,39,42,47,48] | 5 | |
Germany | Nohl et al., Presotto et al. [43,50] | 2 | |
Greece | Fotiadis et al., Galanis et al., Maltezou et al., Papagiannis et al., Patelarou et al., Raftopolous et al. [20,22,36,45,49,51] | 6 | |
Italy | Di Gennaro et al., Di Valerio et al., Monami et al., Papini et al. [14,15,40,46] | 4 | |
Kosovo | Patelarou et al. [49] | 1 | |
Slovakia | Ulbrichtova et al. [56] | 1 | |
Spain | Mena et al., Patelarou et al. [38,49] | 2 | |
Switzerland | Zürcher et al. [63] | 1 | |
UK | Abuown et al., Woolf (a) et al., Woolf (b) et al. [10,58,59] | 3 | |
Middle East | Azerbaijan | Doran et al. [17] | 1 |
Iraq | Al-Metwali et al. [11] | 1 | |
Israel | Zaitoon et al. [62] | 1 | |
Lebanon | Nasr et al., Youssef et al. [41,61] | 2 | |
Palestine | Maraqa et al. [37] | 1 | |
Saudi Arabia | Baghdadi et al. [13] | 1 | |
Turkey | Gönüllü et al., Kara Esen et al., İkiışık et al., Okuyan et al. [24,26,27,44] | 4 | |
UAE | Saddik et al. [52] | 1 | |
Africa | Egypt | Elkhayat et al. [18] | 1 |
Tunisia | Kefi et al. [28] | 1 | |
Asia | China | Leung et al., Kwok et al., Sun et al., Wang et al., Ye et al. [31,33,55,57,60] | 5 |
India | Ashok et al. [12] | 1 | |
Singapore | Koh et al. [30] | 1 | |
North America | US | Do et al., Gatto et al. [16,23] | 2 |
Reviews/Multi-Country Study/Report | Biswas et al., Hajure et al., Khubchandani et al., Leigh et al., Li et al., Luo et al., Shakeel et al., Report by PAHO [8,25,29,32,34,35,53,64] | 8 |
Positive Factors | Total Studies (n) | Country |
---|---|---|
Protection of Others | 15 | Cyprus, Czech Republic, France, Greece, US, Egypt, Tunisia, Singapore, Lebanon, Palestine, UAE |
Control Pandemic/Disease | 11 | Cyprus, China, Czech Republic, Egypt, France, Greece, Lebanon, Switzerland, Turkey, UAE |
Protect Themselves | 11 | Cyprus, Greece, Switzerland, Egypt, Tunisia, China, Singapore, Lebanon |
Knowledge of COVID-19 and the Vaccine | 11 | Albania, Cyprus, Greece, Kosovo, Spain, US, China, Azerbaijan, Lebanon |
Increased Perception of Risk | 11 | France, China, Singapore, Saudi Arabia, UAE |
Trust in Government and Health Authorities | 10 | Albania, Cyprus, Greece, Kosovo, Spain, Tunisia, China, Lebanon |
Increased Fear of COVID-19 | 9 | Albania, Cyprus, Czech Republic, France, Greece, Kosovo, Spain, Lebanon, Palestine |
Vaccine Safety | 9 | China, Greece, India, Azerbaijan, Saudi Arabia, Turkey |
Increased Susceptibility to Disease | 6 | Switzerland, Egypt, China, Iraq, Lebanon, Palestine, Turkey |
Negative Factors | ||
Vaccine Safety/Side Effects | 32 | Albania, Cyprus, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Kosovo, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, UK, US, Tunisia, Lebanon, China, Palestine, Turkey, UAE |
Effectiveness and Efficacy | 18 | Albania, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Greece, Italy, Kosovo, Slovakia, Spain, UK, US, Tunisia, China, Lebanon, Palestine, Turkey |
Previous COVID-19 Infection | 16 | Albania, Cyprus, Czech Republic, France, Greece, Italy, Kosovo, Slovakia, Spain, UK, US, Egypt, Azerbaijan, Lebanon, Turkey |
Quick Vaccine Development | 11 | Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, UK, India, Lebanon |
Lack of Trust | 11 | Cyprus, Czech Republic, Greece, Italy, UK, Turkey |
Lack of Information/Knowledge | 10 | Cyprus, Germany, Greece, India, Palestine |
Misinformation | 7 | Switzerland, Egypt, Palestine |
Infection not Severe/Harmful to Self | 6 | Cyprus, Switzerland, Egypt, UAE |
Vaccine Content | 4 | France, Italy, Lebanon, Turkey |
Vaccine Novelty | 4 | US |
Wanting Others to take it First | 4 | US |
Insufficient Time | 3 | Egypt, China |
Vaccine Approval Process | 2 | Cyprus |
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Ghare, F.; Meckawy, R.; Moore, M.; Lomazzi, M. Determinants of Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccination in Healthcare and Public Health Professionals: A Review. Vaccines 2023, 11, 311. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11020311
Ghare F, Meckawy R, Moore M, Lomazzi M. Determinants of Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccination in Healthcare and Public Health Professionals: A Review. Vaccines. 2023; 11(2):311. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11020311
Chicago/Turabian StyleGhare, Fathema, Rehab Meckawy, Michael Moore, and Marta Lomazzi. 2023. "Determinants of Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccination in Healthcare and Public Health Professionals: A Review" Vaccines 11, no. 2: 311. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11020311
APA StyleGhare, F., Meckawy, R., Moore, M., & Lomazzi, M. (2023). Determinants of Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccination in Healthcare and Public Health Professionals: A Review. Vaccines, 11(2), 311. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11020311