Vaccination and COVID-19 in Polish Dialysis Patients: Results from the European Clinical Dialysis Database
Abstract
:1. Background
2. Objective
3. Patients and Methods
3.1. Patients
3.2. Methods
3.3. Statistical Analysis
4. Results
5. Discussion
Limitations
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Hemodialysis Population in 2019 | Hemodialysis Population in 2020 | Hemodialysis Population in 2021 | Adult General Population 2020 [7,8] | Adult General Population 2021 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall adult population, n | 5901 | 5886 | 5534 | 32,139,021 | 31,223,400 |
COVID-19 cases, n | N/A B | 1493 | 1224 | 1,294,878 | 2,813,449 |
COVID-19 deaths, n | N/A B | 191 | 260 | 28,554 | 67,698 |
Overall deaths, n | 1089 | 1426 | 1603 | 477,355 | 518,664 |
Deaths without COVID, n | 1089 | 1235 | 1343 | 448,801 | 450,966 |
Mean age of deceased patients, y (SD) | 72.59 (12.38) | 72.01 (12.34) | 71.41 (12.41) | 76.65 (N/D) A | 72.61 |
COVID-19 mortality rate per 1000, crude | N/A B | 31.91 | 47.28 | 0.88 | 2.16 |
Mortality rate per 1000 excluding COVID-19, crude | 184.54 | 206.32 | 244.22 | 13.96 | 14.44 |
Cause | Hemodialysis Population in 2019 | % | Hemodialysis Population in 2020 | % | Hemodialysis Population in 2021 | % | Hemodialysis Population in 2020 (%) without COVID Deaths | Hemodialysis Population in 2021 (%) without COVID Deaths | The Proportion of Deaths without COVID in 2020 to the Proportion of Deaths in 2019 | The Proportion of Deaths without COVID in 2021 to the Proportion of Deaths in 2020 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Myocardial infraction | 27 | 2.48% | 30 | 2.10% | 30 | 1.87% | 2.43% | 2.23% | 1.0 | 1.2 |
Cardiovascular Diseases | 453 | 41.60% | 508 | 35.62% | 593 | 36.99% | 41.13% | 44.15% | 1.0 | 1.1 |
Cardiac arrest | 215 | 19.74% | 214 | 15.01% | 161 | 10.04% | 17.33% | 11.99% | 0.9 | 0.7 |
CNS Stroke | 66 | 6.06% | 67 | 4.70% | 53 | 3.31% | 5.43% | 3.95% | 0.9 | 0.7 |
Cerebrovascular diseases | 6 | 0.55% | 10 | 0.70% | 16 | 1.00% | 0.81% | 1.19% | 1.5 | 1.5 |
Gastrointestinal diseases | 26 | 2.39% | 39 | 2.73% | 36 | 2.25% | 3.16% | 2.68% | 1.3 | 0.8 |
Liver failure | 7 | 0.64% | 6 | 0.42% | 12 | 0.75% | 0.49% | 0.89% | 0.8 | 1.8 |
Diabetes complications | 5 | 0.46% | 15 | 1.05% | 8 | 0.50% | 1.21% | 0.60% | 2.6 | 0.5 |
Respiratory failure | 13 | 1.19% | 18 | 1.26% | 38 | 2.37% | 1.46% | 2.83% | 1.2 | 1.9 |
Pneumonia | 15 | 1.38% | 24 | 1.68% | 11 | 0.69% | 1.94% | 0.82% | 1.4 | 0.4 |
Cancers | 118 | 10.84% | 125 | 8.77% | 164 | 10.23% | 10.12% | 12.21% | 0.9 | 1.2 |
Cachexia | 17 | 1.56% | 9 | 0.63% | 4 | 0.25% | 0.73% | 0.30% | 0.5 | 0.4 |
Sepsis | 56 | 5.14% | 76 | 5.33% | 118 | 7.36% | 6.15% | 8.79% | 1.2 | 1.4 |
Other | 65 | 5.97% | 94 | 6.59% | 99 | 6.18% | 7.61% | 7.37% | 1.3 | 1.0 |
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) | N/A | N/A | 191 | 13.39% | 260 | 16.22% | N/A | N/A | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Total | 1089 | 100% | 1426 | 100% | 1603 | 100% | 100% | 100% | N/A | N/A |
Basal Data | Year | ||
---|---|---|---|
2019 | 2020 | 2021 | |
Deaths (n) | 1089 | 1426 | 1603 |
Annual numer of patients | 5901 | 5886 | 5534 |
Mortality (%) | 18.5 | 23.8 ** | 28.96 *** |
COVID-19 deaths (n) | 0 | 191 | 260 |
Mortality without COVID-19 (%) | 18.5 | 20.6 * | 24.26 ** |
2019 | Mortality Total | COVID | 2020 | Mortality Total | COVID | 2021 | Mortality Total | COVID |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age <45 | 25 | 0 | <45 | 52 | 3 | <45 | 53 | 2 |
Age 45–64 | 214 | 0 | 45–64 | 268 | 37 | 45–64 | 363 | 32 |
Age ≥65 | 850 | 0 | ≥65 | 1106 | 151 | ≥65 | 1188 | 154 |
2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 without Patients Died of COVID-19 | 2021 without Patients Died of COVID-19 | 2020 Died of COVID-19 | 2021 Died of COVID-19 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Patients, n | 1089 | 1426 | 1603 | 1235 | 1343 | 191 | 260 |
Mean age, y (SD) | 72.59 (12.38) | 72.01 (12.34) | 71.4 (12.42) | 71.91 (13) | 72.26 (12.46) | 72.67 (11) | 72.26 (11.76) |
Time from the onset of RRT to death (months) | 58 | 61 | 50 | 61 | 49 | 62 | 56 |
Time from the start of RRT in the unit (months) | 48 | 51 | 50 | 51 | 49 | 54 | 56 |
Time from diagnosis of kidney disease (months) | 81 | 94 | 71 | 92 | 71 | 101 | 69 |
Female, n | 418 | 580 | 642 | 504 | 532 | 76 | 110 |
Female (%) | 38.4 | 40.7 | 40.0 | 40.8 | 39.6 | 39.8 | 42.3 |
Male, n | 671 | 846 | 961 | 731 | 811 | 115 | 150 |
Male (%) | 61.6 | 59.3 | 60.0 | 59.2 | 60.4 | 60.2 | 57.7 |
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Marcinkowski, W.; Zuzda, K.; Zawierucha, J.; Prystacki, T.; Żebrowski, P.; Małyszko, J.S.; Wojtaszek, E.; Małyszko, J. Vaccination and COVID-19 in Polish Dialysis Patients: Results from the European Clinical Dialysis Database. Vaccines 2022, 10, 1565. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10091565
Marcinkowski W, Zuzda K, Zawierucha J, Prystacki T, Żebrowski P, Małyszko JS, Wojtaszek E, Małyszko J. Vaccination and COVID-19 in Polish Dialysis Patients: Results from the European Clinical Dialysis Database. Vaccines. 2022; 10(9):1565. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10091565
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarcinkowski, Wojciech, Konrad Zuzda, Jacek Zawierucha, Tomasz Prystacki, Paweł Żebrowski, Jacek S. Małyszko, Ewa Wojtaszek, and Jolanta Małyszko. 2022. "Vaccination and COVID-19 in Polish Dialysis Patients: Results from the European Clinical Dialysis Database" Vaccines 10, no. 9: 1565. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10091565
APA StyleMarcinkowski, W., Zuzda, K., Zawierucha, J., Prystacki, T., Żebrowski, P., Małyszko, J. S., Wojtaszek, E., & Małyszko, J. (2022). Vaccination and COVID-19 in Polish Dialysis Patients: Results from the European Clinical Dialysis Database. Vaccines, 10(9), 1565. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10091565