Optional Vaccines in Children—Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices in Romanian Parents
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Knowledge Score and Knowledge Rating
2.2. Statistical Analysis
2.3. Ethical Approval
3. Results
3.1. General Characteristics of Respondents
3.2. Level of Knowledge
3.3. Information and Communication
3.4. Free Vaccination
3.5. Optional Vaccination
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | Number of Respondents, n(%) |
---|---|
Gender | |
female | 2432 (95.4) |
male | 118 (4.6) |
Age (mean in years, ±SD) | |
all respondents | 36.9 ± 5.3 |
male | 38.4 ± 5.2 |
female | 36.8 ± 5.3 |
Residence | |
urban | 2268 (88.9) |
rural | 282 (11.1) |
Educational level | |
unfinished general school/without studies | 2 (0.1) |
completed general school | 6 (0.2) |
vocational school | 10 (0.4) |
high school | 146 (5.7) |
post-high school | 89 (3.5) |
university studies | 2297 (90.1) |
Number of children | |
1 child | 1398 (54.8) |
2 children | 1047 (41.1) |
3 children | 93 (3.6) |
4 children | 11 (0.4) |
5 children | 1 (0.05) |
Median age of children (median in years, IQR) | |
first child | 5 (3–9) |
second child | 4 (2–7) |
third child | 3 (1–5.3) |
fourth child | 1 (0.3–4) |
Characteristic | Knowledge Score, Median (IQR) | Statistical Analysis | Knowledge Rating, n(%) | Statistical Analysis | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Very good | Good | Sufficient | Insufficient | ||||
All participants (n = 2550) | 10 (8.5–11) | NA | 1406 (55.1) | 910 (35.7) | 211 (8.3) | 23 (0.9) | NA |
Gender | |||||||
female (n = 2432) | 10 (8.5–11) | p < 0.001, U = 107,686.5, z = −4.604, r = 0.09 | 1359 (55.9) | 866 (35.6) | 190 (7.8) | 17 (0.7) | p < 0.001, χ2(12) = 42.904, V = 0.130 |
male (n = 118) | 8.5 (7–10.5) | 47 (39.8) | 44 (37.3) | 21 (17.8) | 6 (5.1) | ||
Age group | |||||||
under 30 years (n = 152) | 10 (8–11) | p = 0.049, H(2) = 6.012, d = 0.079 | 78 (51.3) | 55 (36.2) | 18 (11.8) | 1 (0.7) | p = 0.110, χ2(3) = 10.367 |
30–39 years (n = 1649) | 10 (8.5–11) | 932 (56.5) | 586 (35.5) | 117 (7.1) | 14 (8.4) | ||
40 years and over (n = 749) | 10 (8.5–11) | 396 (52.9) | 269 (35.9) | 76 (10.1) | 8 (1.1) | ||
Residence | |||||||
urban (n = 2268) | 10 (8.5–11) | p = 0.187 | 1256 (55.4) | 807 (35.5) | 185 (8.2) | 20 (0.9) | p = 0.870, χ2(3) = 0.715 |
rural (n = 282) | 10 (8–11) | 150 (53.2) | 103 (36.5) | 26 (9.2) | 3 (1.1) | ||
Educational level | |||||||
unfinished general school (n = 2) | NA | p < 0.001, H(4) = 76.221, d = 0.342 | 2 (100) | 0 | 0 | 0 | p < 0.001, χ2(12) = 97.609, V = 0.113 |
completed general school (n = 6) | 8.5 (7.9–9.5) | 0 | 6 (100) | 0 | 0 | ||
vocational school (n = 10) | 9 (5.9–10) | 4 (40.0) | 3 (30.0) | 3 (30.0) | 0 | ||
high school (n = 146) | 8.3 (6.5–10) | 46 (31.5) | 60 (41.1) | 35 (24.0) | 5 (3.4) | ||
post-high school (n = 89) | 9.5 (8.5–11) | 43 (4.8) | 36 (40.4) | 10 (11.2) | 0 | ||
university studies (n = 2297) | 10 (8.5–11) | 1311 (57.1) | 805 (35.0) | 163 (7.1) | 18 (0.8) | ||
Number of children | |||||||
1 child (n = 1398) | 10 (8.5–11) | p = 0.189 | 745 (53.3) | 530 (37.9) | 115 (8.2) | 8 (0.6) | p = 0.038, χ2(12) = 21.975, V = 0.054 |
2 children (n = 1047) | 10 (8.5–11) | 601 (57.4) | 344 (32.9) | 90 (8.6) | 12 (1.1) | ||
3 children (n = 93) | 10.5 (9–11.5) | 53 (57.0) | 32 (34.4) | 6 (6.5) | 2 (2.1) | ||
4 children (n = 11) | 10.5 (7.5–11) | 7 (63.6) | 3 (27.3) | 0 | 1 (9.1) | ||
5 children (n = 1) | NA | 0 | 1 (100) | 0 | 0 |
Knowledge Rating/Knowledge Score | Have You Given at Least One Optional Vaccine to at Least One of Your Children? | Statistical Analysis | |
---|---|---|---|
Yes, n (%) | No, n (%) | ||
Very good | 1172 (60.5) | 234 (38.2) | p < 0.001, χ2 = 93.9, OR = 2.5, 95% CI: 2.1–3.0 |
Good | 636 (32.8) | 274 (44.7) | p < 0.001, χ2 = 28.6, OR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.4–2.0 |
Sufficient | 120 (6.2) | 91 (14.8) | p < 0.001, χ2 = 45.9, OR = 2.6, 95% CI: 2.0–3.5 |
Insufficient | 9 (0.5) | 14 (2.3) | p < 0.001, χ2 = 18.0, OR = 5.2, 95% CI: 2.2–12.0 |
Score | 10 (IQR: 9–11.5) | 9 (IQR: 7–10.5) | p < 0.001, U = 403203, z = −11.014, r = 0.22 |
Type of Vaccine | Number of Vaccines Administered | Total, n (%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st Child | 2nd Child | 3rd Child | 4th Child | ||
Rotavirus vaccine | 1165 | 500 | 41 | 2 | 1708 (28.1) |
Varicella vaccine | 945 | 293 | 28 | 1 | 1267 (20.9) |
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0) |
Meningococcal vaccine ACYW serogroups | 460 | 125 | 14 | 1 | 600 (9.9) |
Meningococcal vaccine B serogroup | 316 | 91 | 11 | 0 | 418 (6.9) |
Live attenuated influenza vaccine | 354 | 107 | 8 | 0 | 469 (7.7) |
Influenza inactivated vaccine | 834 | 304 | 25 | 1 | 1164 (19.2) |
Hepatitis A vaccine | 286 | 86 | 8 | 0 | 380 (6.3) |
I don’t know/I forgot | 34 | 20 | 8 | 0 | 62 (1.0) |
Total | 4394 | 1526 | 143 | 6 | 6069 (100) |
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Miron, V.D.; Toma, A.R.; Filimon, C.; Bar, G.; Craiu, M. Optional Vaccines in Children—Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices in Romanian Parents. Vaccines 2022, 10, 404. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10030404
Miron VD, Toma AR, Filimon C, Bar G, Craiu M. Optional Vaccines in Children—Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices in Romanian Parents. Vaccines. 2022; 10(3):404. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10030404
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiron, Victor Daniel, Andrei Răzvan Toma, Claudiu Filimon, Gabriela Bar, and Mihai Craiu. 2022. "Optional Vaccines in Children—Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices in Romanian Parents" Vaccines 10, no. 3: 404. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10030404
APA StyleMiron, V. D., Toma, A. R., Filimon, C., Bar, G., & Craiu, M. (2022). Optional Vaccines in Children—Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices in Romanian Parents. Vaccines, 10(3), 404. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10030404