An Update on Recent Studies Focusing on the Antioxidant Properties of Salvia Species
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Extraction Methods
3. Methods for Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity
3.1. In Vitro Chemical Assays
3.2. In Vitro Cell-Based Assays
3.3. In Vivo Assays
4. Salvia spp. Extracts and the Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity
4.1. Antioxidant Activities of S. officinalis L. spp. Individually
4.2. Antioxidant Activities of S. officinalis L. and Other Species (S. elegans, S. greggii, S. sclarea, S. hispanica, S. africana, and S. mexicana)
4.3. Antioxidant Activities of S. miltiorrhiza, S. verbenaca, S. chamelaeagnea, S. bulleyana, S. multicaulis, and S. glutinosa
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AAPH | 2,2′–Azobis(2–Amidinopropane) Dihydrochloride |
ABTS | 2,2′–Azinobis– (3–ethyl-benzothiazoline–6–sulfonic acid) |
AgNPS | Silver Nanoparticles |
CAA | Cellular Antioxidant Assay |
CAT | Catalase |
DCFH-DA | 2′,7′–Dichlorofluorescin Diacetate |
DPPH | 2,2–Di(4–tert–octylphenyl)–1–picrylhydrazyl |
FRAP | Ferric Reduction of Antioxidant Power |
CUPRAC | Cupric Ion Reducing Antioxidant Capacity |
DMPD | N,N–Dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine Dihydrochloride |
EO | Essential Oil |
ET | Electron Transfer |
FC | Folin–Ciocalteu |
FD | Freeze Drying |
gGT | gamma–Glutamyl Transpeptidase |
GR | Glutathione Reductase |
GSH | Glutathione |
GSHPx | Glutathione Peroxidase |
GSSG | Glutathione Disulfide |
GST | Glutathione–S–Transferase |
HAT | Hydrogen Atom Transfer |
HD | Hydrodistillation |
HORAC | Hydroxyl Radical Antioxidant Capacity |
LPO | Lipid Peroxidation |
MAHD | Microwave–Assisted Hydrodistillation |
MAE | Microwave–Assisted Extraction |
MDA | Malondialdehyde |
MHD | Microwave–Assisted Hydrodistillation |
ORAC | Oxygen Radical Antioxidant Capacity |
OxHLIA | Oxidative Hemolysis Inhibition Assay |
qPCR | Quantitative PCR |
ROS | Reactive Nitrogen Species |
RNS | Reactive Oxygen Species |
SC–CO2 | Supercritical CO2 Extraction |
SCWE | Subcritical Water Extraction |
SD | Steam Distillation |
SFE | Supercritical Fluid Extraction |
SFME | Solvent–Free Microwave-Assisted Extraction |
SHD | Sonohydrodistillation |
SE | Soxhlet Extraction |
SET | Single Electron Transfer |
SLE | Solid–Liquid Extraction |
SOD | Superoxide Dismutase |
TAC | Total Antioxidant Capacity |
TBA | Thiobarbituric Acid |
TEAC | Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity |
TF | Total Flavonoids |
TP | Total Phenols |
TPC | Total Phenolic Content |
TPTZ | Tripyridyl Triazine |
TRAP | Total Peroxyl Radical-Trapping Antioxidant Parameter |
UAE | Ultrasound–Assisted Extraction |
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Method of Extraction | Acronym | Refs. |
---|---|---|
Hydrodistillation | HD | Aćimović et al., 2022 [44] |
Steam Distillation | SD | Machado et al., 2022 [45] |
Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction | UAE | Moussa et al., 2022 [46] |
Sonohydrodistillation | SHD | Benmoussa et al., 2023 [47] |
Microwave-Assisted Extraction | MAE | Peng et al., 2022 [48] |
Microwave-Assisted Hydrodistillation | MHD or MAHD | Mohamed et al., 2022 [49] |
Solid–Liquid Extraction | SLE | Didion et al., 2022 [51] |
Soxhlet Extraction | SE | Vieira et al., 2020 [52] |
Infusion | - | Nicolescu et al., 2022 [53] |
Freeze-Drying | FD | Mondor et al., 2023 [54] Wang et al., 2022 [55] |
Solvent-Free Microwave-Assisted Extraction | SFME | Liu et al., 2022 [56] |
Supercritical Fluid Extraction | SFE | Huang et al., 2012 [57] |
Subcritical Water Extraction | SCWE | Samadi et al., 2020 [58] |
Supercritical CO2 Extraction | SC-CO2 | Fikri et al., 2022 [59] Alara et al., 2021 [60] |
Species | Material | Country | Extract | Antioxidant Activity Determination Method | Refs. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
S. officinalis L. | aerial parts | Tunisia | methanol extract | DPPH, β-carotene bleaching | Hamrouni-Sellami et al., 2013 [109] |
S. officinalis L. | dried aerial parts | Netherlands | acetone extract | CAA | Fischedick et al., 2013 [110] |
S. officinalis L. | flowering aerial parts | Spain | methanol/water (80:20, v/v) extract | DPPH, β-carotene bleaching, lipid peroxidation inhibition | Martins et al., 2015 [111] |
S. officinalis L. | aerial parts | Tunisia | aqueous extract | DPPH, GSH | Smach et al., 2015 [112] |
S. officinalis L. and savory (Satureja montana) | leaves | Portugal | solid-lipid NP aqueous extract | TBARS | Reis et al., 2016 [113] |
S. officinalis L. | herbal dust | Montenegro | subcritical water extraction | FRAP | Pavlić et al., 2016 [114] |
S. officinalis L. subsp. Lavandulifolia (Vahl) Gams or Spanish sage | aerial part of plants | Spain | EOs | ORAC, DPPH, ABTS, FRAP | Cutillas et al., 2017 [115] |
S. officinalis L. | ground leaves | Bosnia and Herzegovina | CO2 extract | DPPH | Pavić et al., 2019 [116] |
S. officinalis L. | plant | Serbia | solid dispersion | DPPH | Salević et al., 2019 [117] |
S. officinalis L. | fresh aerial parts | Italy | EO | DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, β-carotene | Tundis et al., 2020 [118] |
S. officinalis L. | commercial-grade cosmetics | Greece | AgNPs and hydroglycolic extracts | DPPH | Siakavella et al., 2020 [119] |
S. officinalis L. variety Bona | leaves | Poland | water/ethanol (50% v/v) extract | DPPH, FRAP | Francik et al., 2020 [69] |
S. officinalis L. | dried flowers | Tunisia | aqueous extract | β-carotene, SOD, CAT, GPx | Jedidi et al., 2020 [86] |
S. officinalis L. | leaves | Croatia | ethyl acetate | FRAP | Cvitković et al., 2021 [121] |
S. officinalis L. | leaves | Serbia | EO | DPPH, CUPRAC, FRAP, ABTS, HRSA, TBARS | Đurović et al., 2022 [94] |
S. officinalis L. | flowers | Tunisia | aqueous extract | ABTS, SOD, CAT, GPx | Jedidi et al., 2022 [123] |
S. officinalis L. var Bona | leaves | Poland | fish oil extract | DPPH | Hrebień-Filisińska & Bartkowiak 2022 [124] |
S. officinalis L. | commercial EO | Romania | EO | DPPH, ABTS | Mot et al., 2022 [125] |
Species | Material | Country | Extract | Antioxidant Activity Determination Method | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Salvia elegans Vahl., Salvia greggii A. Gray, and S. officinalis L. | aerial parts (flowers, leaves, and stems) | Portugal | hexane extract | DPPH; FRAP | Pereira et al., 2018 [126] |
S. africana, S. officinalis ‘Icterina’, and S. mexicana, | aerial parts (flowers, leaves, and stems) | Portugal | hexane extract | DPPH; TBARS; β-carotene | Afonso et al., 2019 [127] |
Salvia sclarea and Salvia officinalis | inflorescences | Italy | EO | DPPH; ABTS | Ovidi et al., 2021 [92] |
S. officinalis L., S. virgata, and S. sclarea. | aerial parts | Uzbekistan | EO | DPPH; ABTS; CUPRAC; FRAP | Gad et al., 2022 [128] |
S. hispanica L. (Chia), in comparison with S. officinalis L. and S. sclarea L. | whole herb (leaves and stems) | Poland | methanolic extract | ABTS | Dziadek et al., 2022 [129] |
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Iacopetta, D.; Ceramella, J.; Scumaci, D.; Catalano, A.; Sinicropi, M.S.; Tundis, R.; Alcaro, S.; Borges, F. An Update on Recent Studies Focusing on the Antioxidant Properties of Salvia Species. Antioxidants 2023, 12, 2106. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12122106
Iacopetta D, Ceramella J, Scumaci D, Catalano A, Sinicropi MS, Tundis R, Alcaro S, Borges F. An Update on Recent Studies Focusing on the Antioxidant Properties of Salvia Species. Antioxidants. 2023; 12(12):2106. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12122106
Chicago/Turabian StyleIacopetta, Domenico, Jessica Ceramella, Domenica Scumaci, Alessia Catalano, Maria Stefania Sinicropi, Rosa Tundis, Stefano Alcaro, and Fernanda Borges. 2023. "An Update on Recent Studies Focusing on the Antioxidant Properties of Salvia Species" Antioxidants 12, no. 12: 2106. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12122106