The Phosphofructokinase Isoform AtPFK5 Is a Novel Target of Plastidic Thioredoxin-f-Dependent Redox Regulation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Material, Growth Conditions and Treatment
2.2. Creation of CRISPR/Cas9 Knockout Lines for AtPFK5
2.3. Cultivation of Trypanosoma Brucei Brucei
2.4. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-Mediated Transient Gene Expression in Nicotiana benthamiana Plants
2.5. Cloning and Site-Directed Mutagenesis of PFKs for Transient Overexpression in Nicotiana benthamiana
2.6. Preparation of Chloroplast Extracts and Treatment
2.7. Enzyme Analysis
2.8. Sequence Alignments and Statistics
3. Results
3.1. Arabidopsis Contains Six Active PFK Isoforms
3.2. Arabidopsis PFKs Are Sensitive to Redox Modifications
3.3. PFK Isoforms Contain Multiple Conserved Cys
3.4. Mutations of Conserved Cys Modify Enzyme Activity
3.5. AtPFK5 Is a Target of Thioredoxin-f1
3.6. A Knockout of AtPFK5 Has Little Effects in Arabidopsis Plants
4. Discussion
4.1. Redox Sensitivity of Plant and Trypanosoma PFKs
4.2. Plastidic PFKs Are Redox Regulated through the CXDXXC Motif
4.3. What Could Be the Function of Redox-Regulated AtPFK5?
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Hess, N.; Richter, S.; Liebthal, M.; Dietz, K.-J.; Mustroph, A. The Phosphofructokinase Isoform AtPFK5 Is a Novel Target of Plastidic Thioredoxin-f-Dependent Redox Regulation. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 401. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10030401
Hess N, Richter S, Liebthal M, Dietz K-J, Mustroph A. The Phosphofructokinase Isoform AtPFK5 Is a Novel Target of Plastidic Thioredoxin-f-Dependent Redox Regulation. Antioxidants. 2021; 10(3):401. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10030401
Chicago/Turabian StyleHess, Natalia, Simon Richter, Michael Liebthal, Karl-Josef Dietz, and Angelika Mustroph. 2021. "The Phosphofructokinase Isoform AtPFK5 Is a Novel Target of Plastidic Thioredoxin-f-Dependent Redox Regulation" Antioxidants 10, no. 3: 401. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10030401