Dieckol Reduces Muscle Atrophy by Modulating Angiotensin Type II Type 1 Receptor and NADPH Oxidase in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Preparation of ECE and Isolation of DK
2.2. Experiment Animals
2.3. Sample Preparation
2.3.1. RNA Extraction and cDNA Synthesis
2.3.2. Protein Isolation
2.3.3. Paraffin-Embedded Tissue Section
2.4. Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR)
2.5. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
2.6. Immunoblot Analysis
2.7. Immunohistochemistry Using 3,3-Diaminobenzidine
2.8. Hematoxylin and Eosin Staining
2.9. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. ECE and DK Decreased Serum Ang II and the Expression of AT1R in the Muscle
3.2. ECE and DK Decreased NADP+/NADPH Levels and the Expression of Noxs and Increased Activity of SOD in the Muscle
3.3. ECE and DK Decreased the Expression of HIF-1α, p300, and STAT3 in the Muscle
3.4. ECE and DK Decreased Th17, Increased Treg, and Decreased the Expression of NF-κB/IL-1β/TNF-α
3.5. ECE and DK Decreased the Expression of MURF-1 and MAFbx/atrogin-1 and Increased the Cross-Sectional Area of Muscle Fibers
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Oh, S.; Yang, J.Y.; Park, C.H.; Son, K.H.; Byun, K. Dieckol Reduces Muscle Atrophy by Modulating Angiotensin Type II Type 1 Receptor and NADPH Oxidase in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 1561. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10101561
Oh S, Yang JY, Park CH, Son KH, Byun K. Dieckol Reduces Muscle Atrophy by Modulating Angiotensin Type II Type 1 Receptor and NADPH Oxidase in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Antioxidants. 2021; 10(10):1561. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10101561
Chicago/Turabian StyleOh, Seyeon, Jin Young Yang, Chul Hyun Park, Kuk Hui Son, and Kyunghee Byun. 2021. "Dieckol Reduces Muscle Atrophy by Modulating Angiotensin Type II Type 1 Receptor and NADPH Oxidase in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats" Antioxidants 10, no. 10: 1561. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10101561