Clinicopathological Phenotype and Genetics of X-Linked Dystonia–Parkinsonism (XDP; DYT3; Lubag)
1
Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
2
Parkinson’s Disease and Dystonia Research Center, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
3
Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders Research, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
4
Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editors: Steven Frucht and Pichet Termsarasab
Brain Sci. 2017, 7(7), 72; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci7070072
Received: 31 May 2017
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Revised: 22 June 2017
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Accepted: 23 June 2017
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Published: 26 June 2017
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathophysiology and Genetics of Movement Disorders)
X-linked dystonia–parkinsonism (XDP; OMIM314250), also referred to as DYT3 dystonia or “Lubag” disease, was first described as an endemic disease in the Philippine island of Panay. XDP is an adult-onset movement disorder characterized by progressive and severe dystonia followed by overt parkinsonism in the later years of life. Among the primary monogenic dystonias, XDP has been identified as a transcriptional dysregulation syndrome with impaired expression of the TAF1 (TATA box-binding protein associated factor 1) gene, which is a critical component of the cellular transcription machinery. The major neuropathology of XDP is progressive neuronal loss in the neostriatum (i.e., the caudate nucleus and putamen). XDP may be used as a human disease model to elucidate the pathomechanisms by which striatal neurodegeneration leads to dystonia symptoms. In this article, we introduce recent advances in the understanding of the interplay between pathophysiology and genetics in XDP.
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Keywords:
X-linked dystonia–parkinsonism; striatum; striosome; neurodegeneration; genetics; pathophysiology
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MDPI and ACS Style
Kawarai, T.; Morigaki, R.; Kaji, R.; Goto, S. Clinicopathological Phenotype and Genetics of X-Linked Dystonia–Parkinsonism (XDP; DYT3; Lubag). Brain Sci. 2017, 7, 72. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci7070072
AMA Style
Kawarai T, Morigaki R, Kaji R, Goto S. Clinicopathological Phenotype and Genetics of X-Linked Dystonia–Parkinsonism (XDP; DYT3; Lubag). Brain Sciences. 2017; 7(7):72. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci7070072
Chicago/Turabian StyleKawarai, Toshitaka, Ryoma Morigaki, Ryuji Kaji, and Satoshi Goto. 2017. "Clinicopathological Phenotype and Genetics of X-Linked Dystonia–Parkinsonism (XDP; DYT3; Lubag)" Brain Sciences 7, no. 7: 72. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci7070072
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