Verbal Fluency in Metabolic Syndrome
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Abdominal obesity (cm) | F ≥ 80 or M ≥ 94 |
Arterial hypertension (HT) (mm Hg) | ≥130/85 or treated for arterial hypertension |
Triglycerides (TG) (mg/dL) | ≥150 [1.7 mmol/L] or treated for dyslipidemia |
HDL-C (mg/dL) | <50 [1.3 mmol/L] in women and <40 [1.0 mmol/L] in men |
Fasting glycemia (mg/dL) | ≥100 [5.6 mmol/L] or treated for diabetes |
Parameters | Total | Female | Male |
---|---|---|---|
N (%) | 45 | 18 (40%) | 27 (60%) |
Age (y) ± SD | 65.1 ± 4.8 | 63.8 ± 4.1 | 65.9 ± 5.3 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 31.8 ± 4.8 | 31.2 ± 4.9 | 32.2 ± 4.7 |
WC (cm) | 108.4 ± 14.1 | 106.2 ± 13.9 | 112.2 ± 15.4 |
SBP (mmHg) | 146.7 ± 19.8 | 146.2 ± 19.2 | 147.1 ± 20.2 |
DBP (mmHg) | 94.6 ± 6.6 | 94.1 ± 6.2 | 95.3 ± 7.2 |
TG (mg/dL) | 149.2 ± 46.2 | 148.3 ± 45.7 | 150.4 ± 46.9 |
HDL-C (mg/dL) | 41.7 ± 9.8 | 42.7 ± 9.3 | 41.1 ± 10.2 |
LDL-C (mg/dL) | 118.5 ± 36.7 | 117.4 ± 35.4 | 119.8 ± 37.3 |
Non-HDL-C (mg/dL) | 147.8 ± 42.6 | 146.2 ± 39.8 | 148.9 ± 44.4 |
IFG (n; %) | 14/45 (31.1%) | 6/18 (33.3%) | 8/27 (29.6%) |
T2DM (n; %) | 16/45 (35.5%) | 7/18 (38.8%) | 9/27 (33.3%) |
Education | 8.7 ± 4.9 | 8.5 ± 4.8 | 8.8 ± 5.1 |
MMSE | 25.43 ± 1.6 | 24.52 ± 1.4 | 25.92 ± 1.7 |
Analysis | Average MetS Group | SD | Average Control Group | SD | p < 0.001 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PHONETIC CATEGORY/1 min | 11.73 | 3.81 | 15.86 | 2.27 | 0.00004 |
K—phonetic clusters | 1.90 | 1.42 | 4.06 | 1.01 | 0.00001 |
K—phonetic switching | 7.63 | 3.89 | 7.76 | 1.52 | 0.78424 |
K—semantic clusters | 2.06 | 1.94 | 1.96 | 1.12 | 0.80854 |
K—semantic switching | 8.68 | 3.87 | 12.13 | 3.14 | 0.00027 |
SEMANTIC CATEGORY/1 min | 15.43 | 4.84 | 17.36 | 1.97 | 0.04765 |
Animals—phonetic clusters | 1.36 | 1.03 | 0.66 | 0.84 | 0.01190 |
Animals—phonetic switching | 12.5 | 5.05 | 15.1 | 2.12 | 0.01119 |
Animals—semantic clusters | 3.93 | 1.41 | 4.46 | 1.3 | 0.13434 |
Animals—semantic switching | 7.5 | 3.35 | 7.36 | 2.07 | 0.92779 |
Parameters | Phonetic Task | Semantic Task |
---|---|---|
Waist circumference | 0.15857 | −0.09736 |
Systolic blood pressure | 0.07991 | −0.16656 |
Fasting plasma glucose | 0.31329 * | 0.15545 |
HDL-C | −0.32786 * | −0.30980 * |
Triglycerides | −0.31573 * | −0.00444 |
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Gierach, M.; Rasmus, A.; Orłowska, E. Verbal Fluency in Metabolic Syndrome. Brain Sci. 2022, 12, 255. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12020255
Gierach M, Rasmus A, Orłowska E. Verbal Fluency in Metabolic Syndrome. Brain Sciences. 2022; 12(2):255. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12020255
Chicago/Turabian StyleGierach, Marcin, Anna Rasmus, and Edyta Orłowska. 2022. "Verbal Fluency in Metabolic Syndrome" Brain Sciences 12, no. 2: 255. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12020255
APA StyleGierach, M., Rasmus, A., & Orłowska, E. (2022). Verbal Fluency in Metabolic Syndrome. Brain Sciences, 12(2), 255. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12020255