Impact of Depression and Anxiety on Dimensions of Health-Related Quality of Life in Subjects with Parkinson’s Disease Enrolled in an Association of Patients
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Patient Population
2.2. Study Variables
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Description of the Population
3.2. Depression and Anxiety
3.3. Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL)
3.4. Bivariate Analysis of the PDQ-39 Dimensions and PDSI
3.5. Multiple Linear Regression Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | Sex | p-Value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male | Female | Total | |||||
N | % | N | % | N | % | ||
Civil status | |||||||
Single | 1 | 4.21 | 3 | 7.69 | 4 | 4.21 | |
Married | 52 | 92.86 | 15 | 38.46 | 67 | 70.53 | <0.001 |
Widow(er)/divorced | 3 | 5.36 | 21 | 53.85 | 24 | 25.26 | |
Education level | |||||||
None | 4 | 7.14 | 1 | 2.56 | 5 | 5.26 | 0.157 |
Primary | 19 | 33.93 | 21 | 53.85 | 40 | 42.11 | |
Secondary | 16 | 28.57 | 11 | 28.21 | 27 | 28.42 | |
Higher education | 17 | 30.36 | 6 | 15.38 | 23 | 24.21 | |
Labor sector | |||||||
Primary | 11 | 19.64 | 0 | 0.00 | 11 | 11.58 | |
Industrial | 19 | 33.93 | 1 | 2.57 | 20 | 21.05 | <0.001 |
Service | 26 | 46.43 | 20 | 51.28 | 46 | 48.42 | |
Housewife | 0 | 0.00 | 18 | 46.15 | 18 | 18.95 | |
Family history of PD | |||||||
No | 37 | 66.07 | 26 | 66.67 | 63 | 66.32 | 0.919 |
Yes | 17 | 30.36 | 11 | 28.21 | 28 | 29.47 | |
Do not know | 2 | 3.57 | 2 | 5.13 | 4 | 4.21 | |
Age of onset | |||||||
<50 years | 5 | 8.93 | 5 | 12.82 | 10 | 10.53 | 0.736 |
≥50 years | 51 | 91.07 | 34 | 87.18 | 85 | 89.47 | |
Hoehn and Yahr stage | |||||||
0 | 2 | 3.57 | 1 | 2.56 | 3 | 3.16 | |
1.0 | 14 | 25.00 | 11 | 28.21 | 25 | 26.32 | |
1.5 | 5 | 8.93 | 4 | 10.26 | 9 | 9.47 | |
2.0 | 4 | 7.14 | 3 | 7.69 | 7 | 7.37 | 0.967 |
2.5 | 10 | 17.86 | 4 | 10.26 | 14 | 14.74 | |
3.0 | 13 | 23.21 | 11 | 28.21 | 24 | 25.26 | |
4.0 | 8 | 14.29 | 5 | 12.82 | 13 | 13.68 | |
5.0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | |
Cognitive status | |||||||
Normal | 48 | 85.71 | 32 | 82.05 | 80 | 84.21 | |
Suspected impairment | 5 | 8.93 | 2 | 5.13 | 7 | 7.37 | 0.366 |
Cognitive impairment | 3 | 5.36 | 5 | 12.82 | 8 | 8.42 | |
Organic diseases | |||||||
Cardiovascular | 22 | 39.29 | 17 | 43.59 | 39 | 41.05 | 0.675 |
Pulmonary | 9 | 16.07 | 0 | 0.00 | 9 | 9.57 | 0.009 |
Digestive | 3 | 5.36 | 1 | 2.56 | 4 | 4.21 | 0.505 |
Oncological | 2 | 3.57 | 2 | 5.13 | 4 | 4.21 | 0.710 |
Others | 38 | 67.86 | 30 | 76.92 | 68 | 71.58 | 0.335 |
History of mental disorders | |||||||
Anxiety | 5 | 8.93 | 4 | 10.26 | 9 | 9.47 | 0.828 |
Depression | 7 | 12.50 | 12 | 30.77 | 19 | 20.00 | 0.029 |
Others | 16 | 28.57 | 4 | 10.26 | 20 | 21.05 | 0.031 |
Depression and Anxiety | Sex | p-Value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male | Female | Total | |||||
N | % | N | % | N | % | ||
BDI-II | |||||||
Without depression | 42 | 75.00 | 22 | 56.41 | 64 | 67.37 | 0.293 |
Mild depression | 4 | 7.14 | 4 | 10.26 | 8 | 8.42 | |
Moderate depression | 7 | 12.50 | 9 | 23.07 | 16 | 16.84 | |
Severe depression | 3 | 5.36 | 4 | 10.26 | 7 | 7.37 | |
STAI-T | |||||||
Low | 9 | 16.07 | 6 | 15.38 | 15 | 15.79 | |
Mild–low | 8 | 14.28 | 7 | 17.95 | 15 | 15.79 | |
Medium–high | 10 | 17.86 | 15 | 38.46 | 25 | 26.31 | 0.074 |
Very high | 29 | 51.79 | 11 | 28.21 | 40 | 42.11 |
HRQoL | Sex | p-Value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male | Female | Total | |||||
Mean (Percentile) | SD | Mean (Percentile) | SD | Mean (Percentile) | SD | ||
PDQ-39 Dimensions | |||||||
Mobility | 31.21 | 21.17 | 35.26 | 26.80 | 32.87 | 23.59 | 0.414 |
Activities of daily living | 29.61 | 23.91 | 24.57 | 27.98 | 27.54 | 25.63 | 0.349 |
Emotional well-being | 25.52 | 17.71 | 38.03 | 22.90 | 30.66 | 20.83 | 0.003 |
Stigma | 8.37 | 10.27 | 13.14 | 17.13 | 10.32 | 13.63 | 0.125 |
Social support | 21.88 | 23.81 | 17.09 | 21.54 | 19.91 | 22.91 | 0.320 |
Cognition | 28.24 | 18.62 | 41.03 | 22.25 | 33.49 | 21.05 | 0.003 |
Communication | 24.85 | 23.00 | 13.46 | 19.55 | 20.18 | 22.27 | 0.013 |
Bodily discomfort | 30.80 | 22.75 | 45.30 | 21.27 | 36.75 | 23.17 | 0.002 |
PDSI | 25.06 | 12.94 | 28.49 | 14.53 | 26.47 | 13.64 | 0.231 |
Characteristic | Mobility | ADL | Emotional Well-Being | Stigma | Social Support | Cognition | COMM | Bodily Discomfort | PDSI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male sex | - | - | −9.501 ** | - | - | −14.690 ** | 14.708 *** | −15.935 *** | - |
Education | |||||||||
Prim educ | - | −19.916 * | −2.724 | - | - | −10.254 | - | - | −5.500 |
Sec educ | - | −10.033 | 6.384 | - | - | −3.862 | - | - | −0.308 |
High educ | - | −19.108 | 2.349 | - | - | −13.301 | - | - | −7.136 |
Labor sector | |||||||||
Industrial | - | - | - | - | - | 4.320 | - | - | - |
Service | - | - | - | - | - | −9.198 | - | - | - |
Housewife | - | - | - | - | - | −3.394 | - | - | - |
FH of PD | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | −9.209 | - |
Age of onset (≥50 yrs) | - | - | - | - | 16.462 * | - | - | - | - |
H&Y stage | |||||||||
Stage 1.0 | 2.191 | 12.799 | 24.395 ** | - | - | 10.547 | - | - | 2.843 |
Stage 1.5 | 15.799 | 16.987 | 31.801 *** | - | - | 20.986 | - | - | 9.914 |
Stage 2.0 | −5.802 | 8.780 | 21.462 * | - | - | 1.416 | - | - | −2.190 |
Stage 2.5 | 6.316 | 18.889 | 35.049 *** | - | - | 24.262 * | - | - | 10.307 |
Stage 3.0 | 8.994 | 27.755 * | 22.300 * | - | - | 11.798 | - | - | 6.782 |
Stage 4.0 | 35.241 ** | 43.954 *** | 31.939 *** | - | - | 23.514 * | - | - | 16.218 * |
CS (MMSE) | |||||||||
Suspec impair | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 23.930 ** | - |
Cogn impair | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2.019 | - |
>1 treatment | - | −12.702 * | - | 6.355 | - | - | - | - | - |
Other diseases | |||||||||
CVD | 8.399 * | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
PD | - | 21.810 ** | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
AD treatment | - | - | 6.169 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
BDI-II | 12.204 ** | 15.856 ** | 16.812 *** | 8.318 ** | 6.946 | 14.234 *** | 18.374 *** | −0.926 | 12.423 *** |
STAI-T | 7.976 | 2.791 | 14.011 *** | 4.851 | - | 5.622 | 3.266 | 13.017 * | 6.019 * |
Adjusted R2 | 0.3982 | 0.4005 | 0.5500 | 0.1307 | 0.0506 | 0.4320 | 0.2120 | 0.2524 | 0.4908 |
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Chuquilín-Arista, F.; Álvarez-Avellón, T.; Menéndez-González, M. Impact of Depression and Anxiety on Dimensions of Health-Related Quality of Life in Subjects with Parkinson’s Disease Enrolled in an Association of Patients. Brain Sci. 2021, 11, 771. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11060771
Chuquilín-Arista F, Álvarez-Avellón T, Menéndez-González M. Impact of Depression and Anxiety on Dimensions of Health-Related Quality of Life in Subjects with Parkinson’s Disease Enrolled in an Association of Patients. Brain Sciences. 2021; 11(6):771. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11060771
Chicago/Turabian StyleChuquilín-Arista, Fany, Tania Álvarez-Avellón, and Manuel Menéndez-González. 2021. "Impact of Depression and Anxiety on Dimensions of Health-Related Quality of Life in Subjects with Parkinson’s Disease Enrolled in an Association of Patients" Brain Sciences 11, no. 6: 771. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11060771
APA StyleChuquilín-Arista, F., Álvarez-Avellón, T., & Menéndez-González, M. (2021). Impact of Depression and Anxiety on Dimensions of Health-Related Quality of Life in Subjects with Parkinson’s Disease Enrolled in an Association of Patients. Brain Sciences, 11(6), 771. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11060771