Corpus Callosotomy in 3 Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Dogs with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Summary of the Clinical Trial of Epilepsy Surgery in Dogs
3. Case Presentation
3.1. Case 1
3.2. Case 2
3.3. Case 3
4. Presurgical Evaluations and Strategy for Surgery
4.1. Case 1
4.2. Case 2
4.3. Case 3
5. Surgery
5.1. Case 1
5.2. Case 2
5.3. Case 3
6. Results and Follow-Up Evaluations
6.1. Case 1
6.1.1. Seizure Outcome
6.1.2. Postoperative Neurological Status and Complications
6.1.3. Follow-Up Scalp EEG and MRI
6.1.4. Visual-Analog Scale by the Owners
6.2. Case 2
6.2.1. Seizure Outcome
6.2.2. Postoperative Neurological Status and Complications
6.2.3. Follow-Up Scalp EEG and MRI
6.2.4. Visual-Analog Scale by the Owners
7. Discussion
8. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Case 1 | Case 2 | Case 3 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Dog breed (color) | CKCS (tricolor) | CKCS (Blenheim) | CKCS (Blenheim) | |
Sex | Neutered female | Neutered female | Neutered male | |
Age at initial Sz | 2 m | 2 y 3 m | 3 y 4 m | |
Age at op | 2 y 9 m | 3 y 6 m | 4 y 10 m | 5 y 5 m |
Preop Sz types | - Bi facial Myocl sz with R forelimb clonus - GTCS | - Bi or R facial Myocl sz - GTCS | - Bi facial or G Myocl sz - GTCS - circling (running fit) | - Bi facial or G Myocl sz - GTCS - drop attack (atonic sz) |
Preop Sz frequency (sz/d) | 15 | 15.1 | 37.2 | 28.3 |
Preop Sz duration | 10 s–5 min | 10 s–10 min | 2–10 min | 1–10 min |
Preop CS/SE | CS+/SE+ | CS+/SE+ | CS+/SE+ | CS+/SE+ |
Preop Neurol findings | - decreased postural reactions in all 4 limbs - G ataxic gait | - decreased postural reactions in R limbs (mild) | - decreased postural reactions in all 4 limbs - G ataxic gait | - decreased postural reactions in all 4 limbs - G ataxic gait |
Preop conscious/activity | - somnolence - decreased activity | - somnolence - decreased activity (mild) | - somnolence - decreased activity | - somnolence - polyphagia - impaired cognition - decreased activity |
ASM history | ZNS, PB, KBr, LEV, GBP | ZNS, PB, LEV, GBP | ZNS, PB, KBr, LEV, PGB | |
Preop ASMs | ZNS, PB, KBr, LEV | ZNS, PB, LEV, GBP | ZNS, KBr | |
EEG findings | Bi synchronized EDs or G sz activities with facial Myocl sz | |||
MRI findings | L hippocampus atrophy (with CLM) | Non lesion (with CLM) | Non lesion (with CLM) | |
CSF findings | Normal | Normal | Normal | Normal |
ViEEG monitoring | NE | 1 week | 1 week | NE |
Amount of CC | 54.3% (genu + body1/2) | 70% (+body1/3) | 100% | 77% (body + splenium) |
Op time * | 430 min | 643 min | 710 min | 600 min |
Postop Sz type | - Bi or R facial Myocl sz - GTCS | - R facial Myocl sz - GTCS (R side main) | - Bi facial Myocl sz - circling | NA |
Postop 3 m Sz frequency (sz/d) (Reduction rate) | 0.38 (97.5%) | 5.77 (61.8%) | 3.24 (91.3%) | NA |
Postop 3–6 m Sz frequency (sz/d) (Reduction rate) | 3.10 (79.3%) | 5.4 (64.2%) | 4.63 (87.6%) | NA |
Postop 6–12 m Sz frequency (sz/d) (Reduction rate) | 15.1 (~9 m) (−0.7%) | 3.52 (76.7%) | 0 (100%) | NA |
Postop Neurol findings | decreased postural reactions in R limbs (within 2 weeks) | NA | ||
Postop conscious/activity | improved | improved | improved (transient cognitive dysfunction for 1 week) | NA |
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Asada, R.; Mizuno, S.; Yu, Y.; Hamamoto, Y.; Anazawa, T.; Ito, D.; Kitagawa, M.; Hasegawa, D. Corpus Callosotomy in 3 Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Dogs with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy. Brain Sci. 2021, 11, 1462. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11111462
Asada R, Mizuno S, Yu Y, Hamamoto Y, Anazawa T, Ito D, Kitagawa M, Hasegawa D. Corpus Callosotomy in 3 Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Dogs with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy. Brain Sciences. 2021; 11(11):1462. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11111462
Chicago/Turabian StyleAsada, Rikako, Satoshi Mizuno, Yoshihiko Yu, Yuji Hamamoto, Tetsuya Anazawa, Daisuke Ito, Masato Kitagawa, and Daisuke Hasegawa. 2021. "Corpus Callosotomy in 3 Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Dogs with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy" Brain Sciences 11, no. 11: 1462. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11111462