Response of Differentiated Human Airway Epithelia to Alcohol Exposure and Klebsiella pneumoniae Challenge
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental
2.1. Cell Culture
2.2. Ethanol Exposure and Bacterial Challenge
2.3. Confocal Microscopy
2.4. Transmission Electron Microscopy
2.5. Transepithelial Permeability Assay
2.6. Bacterial Viability Assay
2.7. Bacterial Binding Assay
2.8. Cytokine Measurements
2.9. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Differentiated and Polarized Human Airway Epithelia for Alcohol Studies
3.2. Alcohol at Clinically Relevant Concentrations Does Not Significantly Alter Airway Epithelial Barrier Function
3.3. Apical Challenge with Live K. pneumoniae Enhances the Airway Epithelial Tightness Regardless of Basolateral Alcohol Presence
3.4. Basolateral Alcohol Exposure Facilitates Apical Bacterial Growth but Does Not Affect Apical Bacterial Binding
3.5. Alcohol Suppresses Human Airway Epithelial Cytokine Release under Apical Bacterial Challenge
Cytokine | Concentration in Basal Media (pg/mL) |
---|---|
IL-2 | 7.66 ± 1.52 |
TNF-α | 9.33 ± 2.51 |
IL-4 | 5.66 ± 1.51 |
IL-6 | 767.66 ± 294.89 |
IL-8 | 12,905.17 ± 1,915.45 |
GM-CSF | 14.33 ± 2.30 |
IFN-γ | 11.00 ± 2.64 |
3.6. Adenosine Receptor Activation Partially Reverses Alcohol Suppressed Inflammatory Cytokine Release
4. Discussion
Acknowledgements
Conflict of Interest
References
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Raju, S.V.; Painter, R.G.; Bagby, G.J.; Nelson, S.; Wang, G. Response of Differentiated Human Airway Epithelia to Alcohol Exposure and Klebsiella pneumoniae Challenge. Med. Sci. 2013, 1, 2-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci1010002
Raju SV, Painter RG, Bagby GJ, Nelson S, Wang G. Response of Differentiated Human Airway Epithelia to Alcohol Exposure and Klebsiella pneumoniae Challenge. Medical Sciences. 2013; 1(1):2-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci1010002
Chicago/Turabian StyleRaju, Sammeta V., Richard G. Painter, Gregory J. Bagby, Steve Nelson, and Guoshun Wang. 2013. "Response of Differentiated Human Airway Epithelia to Alcohol Exposure and Klebsiella pneumoniae Challenge" Medical Sciences 1, no. 1: 2-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci1010002