Evaluation of the Snow Thermal Model (SNTHERM) through Continuous in situ Observations of Snow’s Physical Properties at the CREST-SAFE Field Experiment

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-Cooperative Remote Sensing Science and Technology (NOAA-CREST) Center, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA

Department Civil Engineering and Surveying, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, PR 00681, USA

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NOAA-NESDIS), Camp Springs, MD 20740, USA

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Academic Editor: Sérgio Faria

Geosciences 2015, 5(4), 310-333; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences5040310

Received: 21 March 2015 / Revised: 16 September 2015 / Accepted: 26 October 2015 / Published: 2 November 2015

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Abstract

Snowpack properties like temperature or density are the result of a complex energy and mass balance process in the snowpack that varies temporally and spatially. The Snow Thermal Model (SNTHERM) is a 1-dimensional model, energy and mass balance-driven, that simulates these properties. This article analyzes the simulated snowpack properties using SNTHERM forced with two datasets, namely measured meteorological data at the Cooperative Remote Sensing Science and Technology-Snow Analysis and Field Experiment (CREST-SAFE) site and the National Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS). The study area is located on the premises of Caribou Municipal Airport at Caribou (ME, USA). The model evaluation is based on properties such as snow depth, snow water equivalent, and snow density, in addition to a layer-by-layer comparison of snowpack properties. The simulations were assessed with precise in situ observations collected at the CREST-SAFE site. The outputs of the SNTHERM model showed very good agreement with observed data in properties like snow depth, snow water equivalent, and average temperature. Conversely, the model was not very efficient when simulating properties like temperature and grain size in different layers of the snowpack. View Full-Text

Keywords: Snow Thermal Model (SNTHERM); snowpack properties; snow modeling; Cooperative Remote Sensing Science and Technology-Snow Analysis and Field Experiment (CREST-SAFE)

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MDPI and ACS Style

Corona, J.A.I.; Muñoz, J.; Lakhankar, T.; Romanov, P.; Khanbilvardi, R. Evaluation of the Snow Thermal Model (SNTHERM) through Continuous in situ Observations of Snow’s Physical Properties at the CREST-SAFE Field Experiment. Geosciences 2015, 5, 310-333. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences5040310

AMA Style

Corona JAI, Muñoz J, Lakhankar T, Romanov P, Khanbilvardi R. Evaluation of the Snow Thermal Model (SNTHERM) through Continuous in situ Observations of Snow’s Physical Properties at the CREST-SAFE Field Experiment. Geosciences. 2015; 5(4):310-333. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences5040310

Chicago/Turabian Style

Corona, Jose A.I., Jonathan Muñoz, Tarendra Lakhankar, Peter Romanov, and Reza Khanbilvardi. 2015. "Evaluation of the Snow Thermal Model (SNTHERM) through Continuous in situ Observations of Snow’s Physical Properties at the CREST-SAFE Field Experiment" Geosciences 5, no. 4: 310-333. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences5040310

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Evaluation of the Snow Thermal Model (SNTHERM) through Continuous in situ Observations of Snow’s Physical Properties at the CREST-SAFE Field Experiment

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