Behavioral Immunity in Insects
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Qualitative Resistance: Avoiding Infection
2.1. Spatial Avoidance
2.2. Temporal Avoidance
2.3. Trophic Avoidance
2.4. Grooming
2.5. Prophylactic Medication
2.6. Sexual Behaviors
2.7. Decreased Contact with Conspecifics
3. Quantitative Resistance: Reducing Parasite Growth and Clearance
3.1. Therapeutic Medication
3.2. Behavioral Thermo-Regulation
3.3. Grooming
4. Tolerance
4.1. Fecundity Compensation
4.2. Tolerance Medication
5. Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences
5.1. Costs and Trade-Offs
5.2. Loss or Reduction of Non-Behavioral Immunity
5.3. Parasite risk and Behavior: Plastic and Fixed Behaviors
5.4. Local Adaptation
5.5. Resistance vs. Tolerance
5.6. Virulence Evolution
5.7. Parasites Strike Back: Manipulation
6. Lessons for Vertebrates
7. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
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De Roode, J.C.; Lefèvre, T. Behavioral Immunity in Insects. Insects 2012, 3, 789-820. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects3030789
De Roode JC, Lefèvre T. Behavioral Immunity in Insects. Insects. 2012; 3(3):789-820. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects3030789
Chicago/Turabian StyleDe Roode, Jacobus C., and Thierry Lefèvre. 2012. "Behavioral Immunity in Insects" Insects 3, no. 3: 789-820. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects3030789