Effects of Imunit Insecticide on Biological Characteristics and Life Table Parameters of Spodoptera cilium (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Rearing of Spodoptera Cilium
2.2. Insecticide Tested
2.3. Dose-Mortality Response Bioassay
2.4. Imunit Effects on Parental Generation
2.5. Imunit Effects on Offspring Generation
2.6. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Estimation of Concentrations
3.2. Imunit Effects on Parental Generation
3.3. Imunit Effects on Offspring Generation
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Insecticide | Number of Larvae Tested | df | LC50 (ppm) | LC30 (ppm) | Chi Square | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Imunit | 375 | 3 | 27.7 | 18.2 | 3.60 | 0.40 |
Life Stage | Treatments | ||
---|---|---|---|
Control | LC30 | LC50 | |
Third-instar larvae (d) | 4.00 ± 0.041 a | 4.10 ± 0.03 a | 4.08 ± 0.3 a |
Fourth-instar larvae (d) | 3.93 ± 0.042 b | 4.06 ± 0.03 a | 4.03 ± 0.02 a |
Fifth-instar larvae (d) | 4.15 ± 0.08 a | 4.07 ± 0.05 a | 4.05 ± 0.05 a |
Pupae (d) | 5.23 ± 0.06 c | 6.48 ± 0.17 b | 7.17 ± 0.19 a |
Adult (d) | 8.28 ± 0.17 a | 7.52 ± 0.31 a | 5.61 ± 0.43 b |
Oviposition (d) | 4.83 ± 0.23 a | 3.93 ± 0.25 b | 3.40 ± 0.45 b |
Fecundity (eggs/female) | 837.4 ± 22.54 a | 514.3 ± 43.89 b | 434.3 ± 24.95 c |
Life Stage | Treatments | ||
---|---|---|---|
Control | LC30 | LC50 | |
Egg (d) | 4.03 ± 0.04 c | 4.20 ± 0.04 b | 4.78 ± 0.04 a |
First-instar larvae (d) | 4.02 ± 0.01 c | 4.28 ± 0.04 b | 4.44 ± 0.05 a |
Second-instar larvae (d) | 4.09 ± 0.03 b | 4.22 ± 0.04 b | 4.62 ± 0.05 a |
Third-instar larvae (d) | 4.03 ± 0.03 a | 4.08 ± 0.03 a | 4.12 ± 0.05 a |
Fourth-instar larvae (d) | 4.07 ± 0.04 c | 4.42 ± 0.06 b | 4.96 ± 0.26 a |
Fifth-instar larvae (d) | 4.16 ± 0.04 b | 4.55 ± 0.27 b | 5.23 ± 0.10 a |
Pupae (d) | 5.33 ± 0.05 b | 9.88 ± 0.12 a | 9.50 ± 0.34 a |
Pre-adult (d) | 29.63 ± 0.09 c | 34.56 ± 0.18 b | 37.67 ± 0.33 a |
Adult (d) | 7.91 ± 0.08 a | 3.81 ± 0.53 b | 3.83 ± 0.91 b |
Oviposition (d) | 5.61 ± 0.17 a | 2.00 ± 0.00 b | 1.00 ± 0.00 c |
APOP 1 (d) | 1.14 ± 0.07 c | 2.67 ± 0.33 b | 3.33 ± 0.33 a |
TPOP 2 (d) | 30.61 ± 0.16 c | 37.33 ± 0.33 b | 41.00 ± 0.00 a |
Fecundity (eggs/female) | 728.21 ± 85.70 a | 306.33 ± 82.28 b | 195.0 ±55.0 c |
Adult longevity (male) (d) | 37.52 ± 0.17 b | 37.77 ± 0.68 b | 40.75 ± 1.38 a |
Adult longevity (female) (d) | 37.57 ± 0.21 c | 41.00 ± 0.58 b | 43.00 ± 0.57 a |
Total longevity (all individuals) (d) | 35.43 ± 0.407 a | 28.18 ± 0.690 b | 27.09 ± 0.88 b |
Parameters | Treatments | ||
---|---|---|---|
Control | LC30 | LC50 | |
GRR (offspring/female) | 282.9 ± 52.75 a | 114.9 ± 55.65 b | 97.5 ± 51.41 b |
R0 (offspring/female) | 203.9 ± 40.15 a | 9.190 ± 5.32 b | 3.900 ± 2.58 b |
r (d−1) | 0.160 ± 0.01 a | 0.050 ± 0.02 b | 0.032 ± 0.01 c |
λ (d−1) | 1.170 ± 0.01 a | 1.050 ± 0.02 b | 1.030 ± 0.01 b |
T (d) | 33.87 ± 0.27 c | 38.78 ± 0.26 b | 42.00 ± 0.02 a |
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Hatami, M.; Ziaee, M.; Seraj, A.A.; Mehrabi-Koushki, M.; Francikowski, J. Effects of Imunit Insecticide on Biological Characteristics and Life Table Parameters of Spodoptera cilium (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Insects 2021, 12, 1138. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12121138
Hatami M, Ziaee M, Seraj AA, Mehrabi-Koushki M, Francikowski J. Effects of Imunit Insecticide on Biological Characteristics and Life Table Parameters of Spodoptera cilium (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Insects. 2021; 12(12):1138. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12121138
Chicago/Turabian StyleHatami, Marzieh, Masumeh Ziaee, Ali Asghar Seraj, Mehdi Mehrabi-Koushki, and Jacek Francikowski. 2021. "Effects of Imunit Insecticide on Biological Characteristics and Life Table Parameters of Spodoptera cilium (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)" Insects 12, no. 12: 1138. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12121138