Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1), Activin-A and Clusterin in Children and Adolescents with Obesity or Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Serum MCP-1, Activin-A, Clusterin, and Standard Biochemical Measurements
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. MCP-1 Outcomes
3.2. Activin-A Outcomes
3.3. Clusterin Outcomes
4. Discussion
4.1. MCP-1 and Obesity
4.2. MCP-1 and Type-2 Diabetes
4.3. MCP-1 and Type-1 Diabetes
4.4. Activin-A and Obesity
4.5. Activin-A and Type-2 Diabetes
4.6. Activin-A and Type-1 Diabetes
4.7. Clusterin and Obesity
4.8. Clusterin and Type-2 Diabetes
5. Limitations and Strengths
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Controls (n = 43) | T1DM (n = 43) | Obesity (n = 43) | p-Value (ANOVA for Quantitative Variables) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 12.3 ± 4.3 | 12.6 ± 3.8 | 12.4 ± 3.8 | ns |
Gender (males/females) | 12/31 | 20/23 | 18/25 | ns |
BMI z-score | 0.61 ± 0.73 | 0.59 ± 0.89 | 2.17 ± 0.45 | <0.001 |
Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.66 ± 0.13 | 0.7 ± 0.12 | 0.65 ± 0.13 | ns |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 95.4 ± 17.3 | 92.6 ± 21.5 | 97.6 ± 15.4 | ns |
TSH (mIU/L) | 2 ± 0.86 | 1.9 ± 0.79 | 2.45 ± 1.1 | 0.015 |
FT4 (ng/dL) | 1.27 ± 0.18 | 1.25 ± 0.17 | 1.24 ± 0.21 | ns |
Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 161 ± 26.4 | 167 ± 29.7 | 163 ± 37.8 | ns |
LDL (mg/dL) | 93 ± 28.7 | 94 ± 23.9 | 95 ± 36.3 | 0.04 |
HDL (mg/dL) | 61 ± 13.1 | 60 ± 11.2 | 50 ± 12.7 | <0.001 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 63 ± 21.6 | 66 ± 26.8 | 89 ± 56.4 | 0.003 |
Controls | T1DM | Obesity | p-Value (ANOVA for Clusterin and Kruskal–Wallis Test for MCP-1 and Activin-A) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
MCP-1 (pg/mL) | 305.5 ±143.4 | 326.8 ± 164.2 | 297.6 ± 99.35 | ns |
Activin-A (pg/mL) | 244.5 ± 89.85 | 278.1 ± 125.4 | 278.2 ± 68.27 | 0.0168 |
Clusterin (ng/mL) | 200,023 ± 34,656 | 186,222 ± 25,739 | 186,679 ± 39,289 | ns |
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Kostopoulou, E.; Kalavrizioti, D.; Davoulou, P.; Papachristou, E.; Sinopidis, X.; Fouzas, S.; Dassios, T.; Gkentzi, D.; Kyriakou, S.I.; Karatza, A.; et al. Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1), Activin-A and Clusterin in Children and Adolescents with Obesity or Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus. Diagnostics 2024, 14, 450. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14040450
Kostopoulou E, Kalavrizioti D, Davoulou P, Papachristou E, Sinopidis X, Fouzas S, Dassios T, Gkentzi D, Kyriakou SI, Karatza A, et al. Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1), Activin-A and Clusterin in Children and Adolescents with Obesity or Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus. Diagnostics. 2024; 14(4):450. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14040450
Chicago/Turabian StyleKostopoulou, Eirini, Dimitra Kalavrizioti, Panagiota Davoulou, Evangelos Papachristou, Xenophon Sinopidis, Sotirios Fouzas, Theodore Dassios, Despoina Gkentzi, Stavroula Ioanna Kyriakou, Ageliki Karatza, and et al. 2024. "Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1), Activin-A and Clusterin in Children and Adolescents with Obesity or Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus" Diagnostics 14, no. 4: 450. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14040450