The Impact of Molecular and Genetic Analysis on the Treatment of Patients with Atypical Meningiomas
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Histopathological Features
3. Cytogenetic Features
3.1. Copy Number Alterations
3.2. Molecular Models for Risk Assessment
3.3. Cytogenetic Features in Post-Radiation Meningiomas
4. Molecular Genetics and Classification of Meningiomas
4.1. The Role of NF2 Gene Mutations in Meningiomas
4.2. Epigenetic Modifications
4.3. Genomic Analysis-Based Meningioma Division
4.4. Integrated Molecular–Morphological Grading System of Meningiomas
5. Management
6. Clinical Application of Cytogenetic Features of Atypical Meningiomas
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Major Criteria |
4–19 mitotic figures/10 high-power fields |
Brain invasion |
Minor Criteria |
Increased cellularity |
Small cells with high N/C ratio |
Large and prominent nucleoli |
Pattern-less or sheet-like growth (loss of lobular architecture) |
Foci of spontaneous or geographic necrosis |
Factor | |
---|---|
Clinical | Incomplete removal (Simpson grade 2–4) |
Fast growth | |
Histopathological | High mitotic index/Ki-67 |
Major diagnostic criteria | |
Chromosomal | Loss of 1p, 14q, 18q, 10q, 6q, 7p Gain of 20q, 12q, 15q, 1q, 9q, 17q |
Genetic | NF2 mutation |
AKT1, SMARCB1, SMO, PIK3CA. SUFU, PTEN, ARID1A gene mutations | |
Epigenetic | H3K27me2 loss |
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Ravnik, J.; Rowbottom, H. The Impact of Molecular and Genetic Analysis on the Treatment of Patients with Atypical Meningiomas. Diagnostics 2024, 14, 1782. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14161782
Ravnik J, Rowbottom H. The Impact of Molecular and Genetic Analysis on the Treatment of Patients with Atypical Meningiomas. Diagnostics. 2024; 14(16):1782. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14161782
Chicago/Turabian StyleRavnik, Janez, and Hojka Rowbottom. 2024. "The Impact of Molecular and Genetic Analysis on the Treatment of Patients with Atypical Meningiomas" Diagnostics 14, no. 16: 1782. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14161782