Diagnosis of Ion-Exchange Resin Depositions in Paraffin Sections Using Corrective Light and Electron Microscopy-NanoSuit Method
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patient Selection and Sample Collection
2.2. NanoSuit-CLEM Method Combined with SEM-EDS
2.3. Preparation of Cholestyramine and Sevelamer Paraffin Sections
2.4. Preparation of KCl and Phosphate Solution
3. Results
3.1. Morphological and Staining Characteristics of Ion-Exchange Resin Depositions on Paraffin Sections
3.2. Identification of Sulfur in Calcium PS Crystals via the NanoSuit EDS Method
3.3. Ion-Binding Capacity of Ion-Exchange Resins in Paraffin Sections
3.4. The Possibility of Differential Diagnosis between Sevelamer and Cholestyramine Deposition in Paraffin Sections
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No. | Patient Age | Sex | Type of Specimen | Site | Clinical History Provided | Associated Tissue Reaction | Background Renal Disease/History of Drug Intake |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 69 | M | Biopsy | Sigmoid colon, rectum | Colonoscopy, longitudinal ulceration | Severe colitis | CKD with dialysis/calcium polystyrene sulfonate 15 days |
2 | 80 | F | Surgical specimen | Sigmoid colon | Perforation | Ulcer | CKD/calcium polystyrene sulfonate 5 months |
3 | 83 | M | Biopsy | Sigmoid colon, rectum | Colonoscopy, gastrointestinal bleeding | Erosive colitis | Ulcerative colitis/calcium polystyrene sulfonate 25 days |
4 | 78 | M | Biopsy | Transverse colon | Colonoscopy, polyp | Erosive colitis, inflammatory polyp | CKD/calcium polystyrene sulfonate 43 days |
5 | 78 | F | Biopsy | Stomach | Gastroscopy, cancer or amyloid deposition suspected | Gastritis | CKD/calcium polystyrene sulfonate 7 days, lanthnum carbonate 6 months |
6 | 76 | F | Surgical specimen | Sigmoid colon | Perforation | Ulcer | CKD/calcium polystyrene sulfonate 6 days |
7 | 45 | M | Biopsy | Transverse colon | Colonoscopy | White nodule | CKD/calcium polystyrene sulfonate unknown period, lanthunm carbonate unknown period |
8 | 50 | M | Surgical specimen | Descending colon | Surgery, ulcerative colitis | Severe colitis | Ulcerative colitis/calcium polystyrene sulfonate 18 days |
9 | 69 | F | Biopsy | Ascending colon | Colonoscopy, ulcerative Colitis | Ulcer | CKD/calcium polystyrene sulfonate unknown period |
Conventional Staining Method (PAS, ZN, Congo-Red Staining) | CENM | |
---|---|---|
Time | 30–60 min | Approximately 5 min |
Number of sections | Multiple | Single |
Procedure | Multiple steps | A few steps |
CLEM | No | Yes |
Examination of the ion-exchange capacity | No | Yes |
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Ooishi, M.; Yamada, S.; Itoh, T.; Meguro, S.; Yagi, H.; Kosugi, I.; Iwashita, T.; Shinmura, K.; Misawa, K.; Hariyama, T.; et al. Diagnosis of Ion-Exchange Resin Depositions in Paraffin Sections Using Corrective Light and Electron Microscopy-NanoSuit Method. Diagnostics 2021, 11, 1193. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11071193
Ooishi M, Yamada S, Itoh T, Meguro S, Yagi H, Kosugi I, Iwashita T, Shinmura K, Misawa K, Hariyama T, et al. Diagnosis of Ion-Exchange Resin Depositions in Paraffin Sections Using Corrective Light and Electron Microscopy-NanoSuit Method. Diagnostics. 2021; 11(7):1193. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11071193
Chicago/Turabian StyleOoishi, Mako, Satoshi Yamada, Toshiya Itoh, Shiori Meguro, Haruna Yagi, Isao Kosugi, Toshihide Iwashita, Kazuya Shinmura, Kiyoshi Misawa, Takahiko Hariyama, and et al. 2021. "Diagnosis of Ion-Exchange Resin Depositions in Paraffin Sections Using Corrective Light and Electron Microscopy-NanoSuit Method" Diagnostics 11, no. 7: 1193. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11071193
APA StyleOoishi, M., Yamada, S., Itoh, T., Meguro, S., Yagi, H., Kosugi, I., Iwashita, T., Shinmura, K., Misawa, K., Hariyama, T., & Kawasaki, H. (2021). Diagnosis of Ion-Exchange Resin Depositions in Paraffin Sections Using Corrective Light and Electron Microscopy-NanoSuit Method. Diagnostics, 11(7), 1193. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11071193