Effect of Hardening Temperature on Maraging Steel Samples Prepared by Direct Metal Laser Sintering Process
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experiment Preparation
2.2. Process of Thermal Treatment
2.3. Preparation of Samples for Microstructure Observation and Hardness Evaluation
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | Heat Treatment | ||
---|---|---|---|
Duration Time (Hours) | Curing Temperature (°C) | Cooling | |
1.0 | 1 | 590 | in the still air |
2.0 | 2 | 590 | in the still air |
2.1 | 2 | 590 | in furnace |
3.0 | 3 | 590 | in the still air |
4.0 | 4 | 590 | in the still air |
5.0 | 5 | 590 | in the still air |
6.0 | 6 | 590 | in the still air |
6.1 | 6 | 590 | in furnace |
Element * | Al | Ti | Mn, Si | Cr, Cu | Mo | Co | Ni |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mass (%) | 0.05 | 0.6 | up | up | 4.5 | 8.5 | 17 |
– | – | to | to | – | – | – | |
0.15 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 5.2 | 9.5 | 19 |
Density ρ, (g/cm3) | Tensile Strength (MPa) | Yield Strength Rp0.2, (%) | Elongation at Break, % | Modulus of Elasticity, (GPa) | Hardness (HRC) * | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
direction | XY | XY | XY | XY | 33–37 | |
8.0–8.1 | (a) | 1000–1200 | 1950–1150 | 6–14 | 135–185 | |
direction | Z | Z | Z | Z | ||
8.0–8.1 | (a) | 1000–1200 | 1850–1150 | - | 130–170 | |
(b) | 1950–2150 | 1090–1290 | 2–6 | 50–56 |
As Built | Hardened * | |
---|---|---|
Thermal conductivity | 14.2–15.8 W/m °C | 19–21 W/m °C |
Specific heat capacity | 430–470 J/kg °C | |
Operating temp. | max. 400 °C |
Sample | Measuring Side, Hardness Value | Average Hardness Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
x-y(Bottom) | x-y(Top) | y-z(Right Side) | y-z(Left Side) | ||
0.0 * | 36.7 | 36.7 | |||
1.0 | 29.6 | 50.4 | 47.8 | 47.9 | 43.9 |
2.0 | 27.1 | 48.1 | 36.7 | 45.2 | 39.3 |
2.1 ** | 35.1 | 45.9 | 37.9 | 48.8 | 41.9 |
3.0 | 40.5 | 37.9 | 42.4 | 41.1 | 40.5 |
4.0 | 25.1 | 37.3 | 46.4 | 45.7 | 38.6 |
5.0 | 32.5 | 46.3 | 37.5 | 47 | 40.8 |
6.0 | 37 | 51.3 | 42.7 | 45.8 | 44.2 |
6.1 ** | 21.9 | 42.7 | 49.8 | 46.8 | 40.3 |
Sample | Measuring Side, Hardness Value | Average Hardness Value | Measurement in the Center | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
x-z (Bottom) | x-z (Top) | x-z (Right Side) | x-z (Left Side) | |||
1.0 | 49.7 | 50.2 | 51 | 50.7 | 50.4 | 51 |
2.0 | 48.9 | 48.2 | 49.1 | 43.4 | 47.4 | 49.2 |
2.1 ** | 49.4 | 49.9 | 50.2 | 49.5 | 49.8 | 49.5 |
3.0 | 49.2 | 46.5 | 48.6 | 48.1 | 48.1 | 49.5 |
4.0 | 48 | 45.2 | 47.7 | 46.9 | 47 | 47.7 |
5.0 | 44.1 | 46 | 45.9 | 45.4 | 45.4 | 46.9 |
6.0 | 46.8 | 47.5 | 46.8 | 45.4 | 46.6 | 47.5 |
6.1 ** | 47 | 46.7 | 46 | 46 | 46.4 | 46.8 |
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Vandzura, R.; Simkulet, V.; Gelatko, M.; Hatala, M.; Mitalova, Z. Effect of Hardening Temperature on Maraging Steel Samples Prepared by Direct Metal Laser Sintering Process. Machines 2023, 11, 351. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines11030351
Vandzura R, Simkulet V, Gelatko M, Hatala M, Mitalova Z. Effect of Hardening Temperature on Maraging Steel Samples Prepared by Direct Metal Laser Sintering Process. Machines. 2023; 11(3):351. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines11030351
Chicago/Turabian StyleVandzura, Radoslav, Vladimir Simkulet, Matus Gelatko, Michal Hatala, and Zuzana Mitalova. 2023. "Effect of Hardening Temperature on Maraging Steel Samples Prepared by Direct Metal Laser Sintering Process" Machines 11, no. 3: 351. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines11030351